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Tũka: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Modes=== | |||
Tũka has two "modes": the '''agglutinative''' and '''isolating''' mode. | |||
====Agglutinative==== | |||
The agglutinative mode is when instead of noun case and verb tense being inferred through preceding particles, such as ''i'' or ''lu'', verb tense and noun case are inferred via suffixes to the verb or noun in question. This is less used than the isolating mode, but it can still be used and is often used to characterise a polite way of talking. Thus, it is often called the equivalent of a "polite register" in Tũka. | |||
Agglutinative nouns and verbs mostly put (what would be) the particle in the isolating mode after the word as a suffix, e.g. in isolating: ''i lã''(I) becomes ''lãi'' or simply ''lã''. Additionally, though the normal constituent order does not change from SOV, the constituent order in imperative sentences, which is VSO in isolating mode, becomes SVO in agglutinative mode instead. | |||
The agglutinative mode also includes more noun cases: the '''dative''', '''genitive''' and '''locative'''. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Agglutinative suffixes for genitive, dative & locative | |||
|- | |||
! !! Genitive !! Dative !! Locative | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| ''-il'' || ''-yã'' || ''-ĩtu'' | |||
|- | |||
! Dual | |||
| ''-inh'' || ''-kaho'' || ''-kīn'' | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| ''-iln'' || ''-ũan'' || ''-pã'' | |||
|} | |||
===Number=== | ===Number=== | ||
Unlike in English, where only sgular and plural declensions exist, Tũka uses three declensions: '''singular''', '''dual''' and '''plural''', in this case "plural" meaning three or more of an item, and all words have to be distinguished by a number particle, such as ''i tũka''("Tũka language"), lit. {{sc|sg}}.{{sc|nom}}, though ''i'' is only in nominative. In accusative, ''u'' is used and in absolutive ''ī'' is used. | Unlike in English, where only sgular and plural declensions exist, Tũka uses three declensions: '''singular''', '''dual''' and '''plural''', in this case "plural" meaning three or more of an item, and all words have to be distinguished by a number particle, such as ''i tũka''("Tũka language"), lit. {{sc|sg}}.{{sc|nom}}, though ''i'' is only in nominative. In accusative, ''u'' is used and in absolutive ''ī'' is used. | ||