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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| name = Nantai | | name = Nantai | ||
| nativename = 男体語<br> | | nativename = 男体語<br>nàn-tái-gò | ||
| pronunciation = | | pronunciation = ˈnã̞.dáiˌgo̞ | ||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2024 | | created = 2024 | ||
| setting = Alt-history Earth | | setting = Alt-history Earth | ||
| state = Tochigi Prefecture, Japan | | state = Tochigi Prefecture, Japan | ||
| speakers = ~566 | |||
| date = 2023 | |||
| familycolor = Altaic | | familycolor = Altaic | ||
| fam1 = [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] | | fam1 = [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] | ||
| ancestor1 = [[w:Proto-Japonic|Proto-Japonic]] | | ancestor1 = [[w:Proto-Japonic|Proto-Japonic]] | ||
| stand1 = Standard Nantai | | stand1 = Standard Nantai | ||
| dia1 = Western Tochigi | | dia1 = Western Tochigi<br> | ||
** Nikkō-Nantai | |||
** Shirane-Nantai | |||
| dia2 = Eastern Tochigi(†) | | dia2 = Eastern Tochigi(†) | ||
| script1 = Jpan | | script1 = Jpan | ||
| script2 = Latn | | script2 = Latn | ||
| minority = Japan | | minority = Japan | ||
| agency = Nantai Association | |||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nantai''' | '''Nantai'''(男体語; <small>Nantai:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈnã̞.dáiˌgo̞]]]) is a [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] language spoken natively in what is now the [[w:Tochigi|Tochigi Prefecture]] in Japan. It is a critically endangered language, with only 566 remaining native speakers. | ||
Due to its phonetic similarity to [[w:Japanese language|Japanese]], the language was officially considered a dialect of Japanese and was suppressed as "improper speech" until 1988, though linguists had been considering Nantai a separate language from as early as 1901 due to a lack of mutual intelligibility with Japanese. | |||
Nantai has also influenced the [[w:Tochigi dialect|Tochigi dialect]] of Japanese, mainly through the lack of distinction between /i/ and /e/ sounds, which is the defining feature of Tochigi-ben, as well as the voicing of consonants between two vowels. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Nantai uses the three writing systems of Japanese: [[w:Kanji|Kanji]], [[w:Katakana|Katakana]] and [[w:Hiragana|Hiragana]]. All three scripts have the same purpose as in Japanese, with Hiragana for grammar, Kanji for vocabulary and Katakana for foreign loanwords. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Bilabial !! Alveolar !! Alveolo-<br>palatal !! Velar !! Palatal !! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! Plosive | |||
| p b || t d || || k g || || ʔ | |||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| ɸ || s z || ɕ ʑ || || || h | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| m || n || || (ŋ) || (ɲ) || | |||
|} | |||
/ɲ/ and /ŋ/ are allophones of /n/, for before /e/ or /i/ and before /k/ or /g/ respectively. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||