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Hanebrugish: Difference between revisions
more allophony
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]). | Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]). | ||
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====Allophony==== | |||
* <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/VN/</span> codas are allophonically realized as <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[Ṽː]</span> (compensatory lengthening only applying toward monophthongs). | |||
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''<span style="color:gray;">n.</span><span style="color:#3d85c6;"> ms.</span>'' 'tooth') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]</span> | |||
** '''Note:''' While this change is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad transcription because <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/n m/</span> become noncontrastive in the coda. | |||
* <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/r/</span> ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:'' | |||
** Word-initially, it is trilled <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[r]</span>. | |||
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''<span style="color:gray;">adj.</span>'' 'red') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]</span> | |||
** In complex codas, it is a retroflex approximant <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ɻ]</span>. | |||
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''<span style="color:gray;">adj.</span>'' 'black, swarthy') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ]</span> ''or'' <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]</span> | |||
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also cause other consonants to retract; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also elide completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong. | |||
** Elsewhere, it is a tapped <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ɾ]</span>. | |||
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''<span style="color:gray;">num.</span>'' 'three, 3') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]</span> | |||
* ''A decent amount of lenition occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:'' | |||
** Voiced stops will undergo intervocalic lenition; <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/b d ɡ/</span> → <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[β ð ɣ]</span>. | |||
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''<span style="color:gray;">n.</span><span style="color:#674ea7;"> nw.</span>'' 'eye') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]</span> | |||
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel. | |||
** <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ɡ/</span> also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop. | |||
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''<span style="color:gray;">v.</span><span style="color:#6aa84f;"> pret.</span>'' 'thou mayest') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]</span> | |||
* The fricatives <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/f s ʃ/</span> voice intervocalically to <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/v z ʒ/</span>. | |||
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''<span style="color:gray;">v.</span><span style="color:#f1c232;"> w.</span>'' 'to fish') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]</span> | |||
** These fricatives also voice when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.</span> | |||
* <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/y yə̯/</span> are better phonetically realized as <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]</span>; these vowels will palatalize preceding consonants. Following only <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/j/</span> do these vowels remain phonetically intact as <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ʏ yːə̯]</span>. | |||
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''<span style="color:gray;">v.</span><span style="color:#cc0000;"> irr.</span>'' 'you (all) are') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']</span> | |||