2,087
edits
単亜語: Difference between revisions
m
→Phonology: Adding tone
(many updates) |
m (→Phonology: Adding tone) |
||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
(W and Y are achieved with special glyphs.) While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see the table), every language speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency. | (W and Y are achieved with special glyphs.) While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see the table), every language's speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency. | ||
| Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
| colspan="3" | '''아''' <small>/a ~ ä/</small> | | colspan="3" | '''아''' <small>/a ~ ä/</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others. Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international! | Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others. Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international! Long vowels do not exist, per se, even if the Latin transcription appears as though they do. 웃/'uu and 의/'ii are actually said as /uʊ/, /uu̵/, or /uǝ/; and /iǝ/ or /ii̵/ respectively. Additionally, there is an epenthetic vowel, which varies considerably among the target nations. It's written as 으 and transcribed as ǔ, and it may be pronounced /ɯ/, /ɯ<sup>β</sup>/, /ɨ/, /ǝ/, or /ʊ/. This is only used in transcribing foreign words. | ||
=== Tone/Prosody === | |||
Even for speakers of a tonal language, learning a new set of tones is difficult. Therefore, syllabic tones are not phonemic in Dan'a'yo. However, to easy listening and to distinguish the boundaries between words, the following intonation principles are used: | |||
* The main (finite) verb of an utterance should be the highest point of it. | |||
* The head of a phrase should be the highest point of it. | |||
* The main vowel of a syllable should be the highest point of it. | |||
* The first character's syllable of a compound word should be the highest point of it. | |||
This can be helpful in distinguishing {{Ruby|大学生|대학상}}/big student from {{Ruby|大学生|대학상}}/college student, as the first is H HL, whiel the second is HLL. | |||
Pitch cannot be used to indicate a question. Please use the SFP {{Ruby|乎|호}} to make a polar-question. | |||
=== Phonotactics === | === Phonotactics === | ||
Maximally, a Dan'a'yo syllable consists of an ONSET consonant, an ON-GLIDE, a VOWEL, and an OFF-GLIDE or CODA CONSONANT. The ONSET can be ø or any consonant except ŋ, the ON-GLIDE can be ø, y, or w, the VOWEL must exist, and the CODA CONSONANT can be ø, y, w, b, d, g, m, n, or ng. | Maximally, a Dan'a'yo syllable consists of an ONSET consonant, an ON-GLIDE, a VOWEL, and an OFF-GLIDE or CODA CONSONANT. The ONSET can be ø or any consonant except ŋ, the ON-GLIDE can be ø, y, or w, the VOWEL must exist, and the CODA CONSONANT can be ø, y, w, b, d, g, m, n, or ng. Each syllable has no effect upon the next. | ||
For a complete chart of all possible Hanmun syllables, see [[単亜語/Syllables]]. | For a complete chart of all possible Hanmun syllables, see [[単亜語/Syllables]]. | ||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), {{PAGENAME}} is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come early in the sentence (before the verb), and the accusative argument must come after. There are no particles to mark subject or object. | Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), {{PAGENAME}} is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come early in the sentence (before the verb), and the accusative argument must come after. There are no particles to mark subject or object. | ||