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Phrygian (Semitic): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Phrygian | |name = Phrygian | ||
|nativename = <span style="font-family: 'Times';"><big>ƞpɛ́ucɑı</big></span><br> | |nativename = <span style="font-family: 'Times';"><big>ƞpɛ́ucɑı</big></span><br>préxai | ||
|pronunciation = ˈprɛksɛː | |pronunciation = ˈprɛksɛː | ||
|states = Phrygia | |states = Phrygia | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
|ancestor4 = Old-Phrygian | |ancestor4 = Old-Phrygian | ||
|ancestor5 = Classical Phrygian | |ancestor5 = Classical Phrygian | ||
|ancestor6 = Smyrna Dialect | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Phrygian''' (endonym: {{vry-times|ʌ|ɛcɑ́ү ƞpɛ́ucɑı}}, ''Lesán | '''Phrygian''' (endonym: {{vry-times|ʌ|ɛcɑ́ү ƞpɛ́ucɑı}}, ''Lesán préxai'', [lɛˈsaŋ ˈprɛksɛː]), also known as '''Prexian''', is a [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic language]] within the [[w:Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic language family]]. It is spoken mostly in the Principality of Smyrna, and in north- and southwestern [[w:Eretnid dynasty|Eretna]], concentrated in the western half of [[w:Anatolia|Anatolia]]. The standardized form of Phrygian is mainly based on the metropolitan Smyrna Dialect ({{vry-times||ɜíoɛr}} {{vry-times|ᴇ|ɯɛppɑ́}}, ''sjíuet Emerrá''). The name ''Phrygian'' is a misnomer, as the classical [[w:Phrygian language|Phrygian language]], which used to be spoken very near to where the Semitic Phrygian tribes initially settled, is an [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] closely related to [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. | ||
Classical Phrygian still survives as the liturgical language of the Church of Smyrna, one of the [[w:Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox Churches]]. | Classical Phrygian still survives as the liturgical language of the Church of Smyrna, one of the [[w:Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox Churches]]. | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Standard Phrygian has 26 consonant phonemes and 11 vowel phonemes. Some coronal phonemes contrast between plain and velarized consonants. | |||
<div style=display:inline-grid> | <div style=display:inline-grid> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
| Line 134: | Line 136: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
| i | |||
| | | iː | ||
| u | |||
| uː | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
| Line 144: | Line 148: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
| colspan="4" | a | | colspan="4" | a aː<sup>[7]</sup> | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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# /b d ɡ/ may be unconditionally geminated by older speakers such that they do not contrast with /bː dː ɡː/. | # /b d ɡ/ may be unconditionally geminated by older speakers such that they do not contrast with /bː dː ɡː/. | ||
# the phonemic contrast between /tˠ(ː)/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩) and /tˠː/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩) has largely disappeared among younger speakers, merging both into either /tˠ/ or /tˠː/. Older speakers who still retain the distinction always pronounce /tˠ(ː)/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩ as [tˠ] and /tˠː/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩ as [tˠː]. | # the phonemic contrast between /tˠ(ː)/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩) and /tˠː/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩) has largely disappeared among younger speakers, merging both into either /tˠ/ or /tˠː/. Older speakers who still retain the distinction always pronounce /tˠ(ː)/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩ as [tˠ] and /tˠː/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩ as [tˠː]. | ||
# /ɡ/ is allophonically pronounced as [ɟ] near front vowels | # /ɡ/ is allophonically pronounced as [ɟ] near front vowels. | ||
# /e/ is realized as [e̝~ɪ] | # /e/ is realized as [e̝~ɪ]. | ||
# /a aː/ are realized as [ɑ ɑː] near velarized consonants. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Phrygian uses its own script, aptly named the Phrygian script ({{vry-times||ɑ́ʌɛƞƞɛɜ}} {{vry-times||ƞpɛ́ucɑıɜ}}, ''áleppesj préxaisj''). The Phrygian script is an an [[w:Alphabet|alphabetic]] writing system developed for specifically for the Phrygian language during the Classical Phrygian period mainly from the [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek script]], which it supplanted. It also utilizes some letters of [[w:Aramaic Alphabet|Aramaic]] origin to represent sounds not present in the base Greek alphabet, such as classical /ħ/ ⟨{{vry-times||n}}⟩, /ʕ/ ⟨{{vry-times||v}}⟩, /sˤ/ ⟨{{vry-times||ր}}⟩, and /ʃˤ/ ⟨{{vry-times||ɭ}}⟩. Though ever since its creation, multiple sounds have merged, leaving many redundant etymological letters such as /x/ ⟨{{vry-times||x m n}}⟩, /ɣ/ ⟨{{vry-times||ɼ v}}⟩, and /tˠ/ ⟨{{vry-times||r̃ b}}⟩. | |||
<div style=display:inline-grid> | <div style=display:inline-grid> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''Phrygian Alphabet''' | |+ '''Phrygian Alphabet''' | ||
|- style="font-weight:bold; | |- style="font-weight:bold;" | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA) | |||
! Source | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Source | ||
! Grapheme | ! Romanization | ||
! Sound (IPA) | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme | ||
! Source | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA) | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Source | |||
! Romanization | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴀ|}}, {{vry-times||ɑ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴀ|}}, {{vry-times||ɑ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /a/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /a/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Alpha|α]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Alpha|α]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴏ|}}, {{vry-times||o}} | | a | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴏ|}}, {{vry-times||o}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔ/, /f/<sup>[2]</sup> | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omicron|ο]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omicron|ο]] | ||
| o, f | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ʙ|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʙ|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /f/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /f/ | ||
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Beta|β]] | | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Beta|β]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴘ|}}, {{vry-times||p}} | | f | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴘ|}}, {{vry-times||p}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /r/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /r/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Rho|ρ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Rho|ρ]] | ||
| r | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ʙ̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ̰}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʙ̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ̰}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /b/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /b/ | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴄ|}}, {{vry-times||c}} | | b | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴄ|}}, {{vry-times||c}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /s/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /s/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Sigma|ϲ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Sigma|ϲ]] | ||
| s | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|г|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|г|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/<sup>[1]</sup> | ||
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Gamma|γ]] | | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Gamma|γ]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴛ|}}, {{vry-times||r}} | | gh | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴛ|}}, {{vry-times||r}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t/ | ||
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Tau|τ]] | | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Tau|τ]] | ||
| t | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|г̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ̃}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|г̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ̃}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɡ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɡ/ | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴛ̰|}}, {{vry-times||r̃}} | | g | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴛ̰|}}, {{vry-times||r̃}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/ | ||
| ț, țț | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|s|}}, {{vry-times||s}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|s|}}, {{vry-times||s}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d͡ʒ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d͡ʒ/ | ||
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Delta|δ]] | | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Delta|δ]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ƞ|}}, {{vry-times||ƞ}} | | dj | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ƞ|}}, {{vry-times||ƞ}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /p/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /p/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Phi|φ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Phi|φ]] | ||
| p | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|s̰|}}, {{vry-times||s̃}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|s̰|}}, {{vry-times||s̃}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d/ | ||
| {{vry-times|x|}}, {{vry-times||x}} | | d | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|x|}}, {{vry-times||x}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Chi|χ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Chi|χ]] | ||
| ch | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴇ|}}, {{vry-times||ɛ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴇ|}}, {{vry-times||ɛ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛ/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Epsilon|ε]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Epsilon|ε]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ꝏ|}}, {{vry-times||ꝏ}} | | e | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ꝏ|}}, {{vry-times||ꝏ}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omega|ω]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omega|ω]] | ||
| u | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ч|}}, {{vry-times||ɥ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ч|}}, {{vry-times||ɥ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /z/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /z/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Zeta|ζ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Zeta|ζ]] | ||
| {{vry-times|m|}}, {{vry-times||m}} | | z | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|m|}}, {{vry-times||m}} | |||
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/ | | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:He (letter)|𐡄]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:He (letter)|𐡄]] | ||
| rowspan="2" | ch | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ɋ|}}, {{vry-times||q}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ɋ|}}, {{vry-times||q}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t͡ʃ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t͡ʃ/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Theta|θ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Theta|θ]] | ||
| {{vry-times|n|}}, {{vry-times||n}} | | tj | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|n|}}, {{vry-times||n}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Heth|𐡇]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Heth|𐡇]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ɪ|}}, {{vry-times||ı}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ɪ|}}, {{vry-times||ı}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /i/, /j/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /i/, /j/<sup>[2]</sup> | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Iota|ι]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Iota|ι]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ь|}}, {{vry-times||b}} | | i | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ь|}}, {{vry-times||b}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Teth|𐡈]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Teth|𐡈]] | ||
| ț | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|u|}}, {{vry-times||u}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|u|}}, {{vry-times||u}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /c/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /c/ | ||
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Kappa|κ]] | | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Kappa|κ]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ⱻ|}}, {{vry-times||ɜ}} | | k | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ⱻ|}}, {{vry-times||ɜ}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃ/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Samekh|𐡎]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Samekh|𐡎]] | ||
| sj | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ṵ|}}, {{vry-times||ũ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ṵ|}}, {{vry-times||ũ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /k/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /k/ | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴠ|}}, {{vry-times||v}} | | q | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴠ|}}, {{vry-times||v}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/<sup>[1]</sup> | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Ayin|𐡏]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Ayin|𐡏]] | ||
| gh | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ʌ|}}, {{vry-times||ʌ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʌ|}}, {{vry-times||ʌ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /l/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /l/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Lambda|λ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Lambda|λ]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ր|}}, {{vry-times||ր}} | | l | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ր|}}, {{vry-times||ր}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /sˠ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /sˠ/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Tsade|𐡑]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Tsade|𐡑]] | ||
| ș | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴡ|}}, {{vry-times||ɯ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴡ|}}, {{vry-times||ɯ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /m/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /m/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Mu|μ]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Mu|μ]] | ||
| {{vry-times|ʟ|}}, {{vry-times||ɭ}} | | m | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʟ|}}, {{vry-times||ɭ}} | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃˠ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃˠ/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Lamedh|𐡋]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Lamedh|𐡋]] | ||
| șj | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ʏ|}}, {{vry-times||ү}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʏ|}}, {{vry-times||ү}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /n/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /n/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Nu|ν]] | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Nu|ν]] | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | | | n | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times||◌̔}}<sup>[3]</sup> | ||
| | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /h/ | ||
| Greek [[w:Rough breathing|◌̔]] | |||
| h | |||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 275: | Line 314: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''Phrygian Alphabet digraphs''' | |+ '''Phrygian Alphabet digraphs''' | ||
|- style="font-weight:bold; | |- style="font-weight:bold;" | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA) | |||
! Source | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Source | ||
! Romanization | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴀ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɑı}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴀ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɑı}}<sup>[4]</sup> | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛː/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛː/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek αι | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek αι | ||
| ai | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴀ|o}}, {{vry-times||ɑo}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴀ|o}}, {{vry-times||ɑo}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔː/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔː/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian | | style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian | ||
| au | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ᴇ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɛı}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴇ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɛı}}<sup>[4]</sup> | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /e/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /e/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ει | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ει | ||
| ei | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|o|ı}}, {{vry-times||oı}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|o|ı}}, {{vry-times||oı}}<sup>[4]</sup> | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ου | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ου | ||
| ou, oi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{vry-times|ʟ|ɭ}}, {{vry-times||ɭɭ}} | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʟ|ɭ}}, {{vry-times||ɭɭ}} | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɫ/ | | style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɫ/ | ||
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian | | style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian | ||
| l̦, l̦l̦ | |||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
# When in coda position, {{vry-times||ɼ}}, {{vry-times||v}}, and {{vry-times||◌̔}} are dropped with compensatory vowel lengthening, such as in [[Contionary:peregh|{{vry-times||ƞɛ́pɛɼ}}]] /ˈpɛrɛː/, [[Contionary:zeregh|{{vry-times||ɥɛ́pev}}]] /ˈzɛrɛː/, and [[Contionary:hetjeh|{{vry-times||ἕqɛ‛}}]] /ˈhɛt͡ʃɛː/. | |||
# {{vry-times|ɪ|}} and {{vry-times||o}} consonantally are /j/ /f/, such as in [[Contionary:ierek|{{vry-times||ıɛ́pɛu}}]] /ˈjɛrɛk/ and [[Contionary:sjelfar|{{vry-times||ɜɛʌoɑ́p}}]] /ʃɛlˈfar/ | |||
# When /h/ precedes a vowel, it is written as a diacritic above the vowel, otherwise it is written on its own. Both forms can be seen in [[Contionary:reheh|{{vry-times||pἕɛ‛}}]] /ˈrɛhɛː/. | |||
# In order to distinguish /aj/ /ɛj/ /oj/ from /ɛː/ /e/ /u/, diaereses are usedː {{vry-times||ɑï}}, {{vry-times||ɛï}}, {{vry-times||oï}}. | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
==Example text== | ==Example text== | ||