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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name              = Phrygian
|name              = Phrygian
|nativename        = <span style="font-family: 'Times';"><big>ƞpɛ́ucɑı</big></span><br>préxay
|nativename        = <span style="font-family: 'Times';"><big>ƞpɛ́ucɑı</big></span><br>préxai
|pronunciation    = ˈprɛksɛː
|pronunciation    = ˈprɛksɛː
|states            = Phrygia
|states            = Phrygia
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|ancestor4        = Old-Phrygian
|ancestor4        = Old-Phrygian
|ancestor5        = Classical Phrygian
|ancestor5        = Classical Phrygian
|ancestor6        = Smyrna Dialect
}}
}}


'''Phrygian''' (endonym: {{vry-times|ʌ|ɛcɑ́ү ƞpɛ́ucɑı}}, ''Lesán préxay'', [lɛˈsaŋ ˈprɛksɛː]), also known as '''Prexian''', is a [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic language]] within the [[w:Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic language family]]. It is spoken mostly in the Principality of Smyrna, and in north- and southwestern [[w:Eretnid dynasty|Eretna]], concentrated in the western half of [[w:Anatolia|Anatolia]]. The standardized form of Phrygian is mainly based on the metropolitan Smyrna Dialect ({{vry-times||ɜíoɛr}} {{vry-times|ᴇ|ɯɛppɑ́}}, ''sjíuet Emerrá''). The name ''Phrygian'' is a misnomer, as the classical [[w:Phrygian language|Phrygian language]], which used to be spoken very near to where the Semitic Phrygian tribes initially settled, is an [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] closely related to [[w:Greek language|Greek]].
'''Phrygian''' (endonym: {{vry-times|ʌ|ɛcɑ́ү ƞpɛ́ucɑı}}, ''Lesán préxai'', [lɛˈsaŋ ˈprɛksɛː]), also known as '''Prexian''', is a [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic language]] within the [[w:Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic language family]]. It is spoken mostly in the Principality of Smyrna, and in north- and southwestern [[w:Eretnid dynasty|Eretna]], concentrated in the western half of [[w:Anatolia|Anatolia]]. The standardized form of Phrygian is mainly based on the metropolitan Smyrna Dialect ({{vry-times||ɜíoɛr}} {{vry-times|ᴇ|ɯɛppɑ́}}, ''sjíuet Emerrá''). The name ''Phrygian'' is a misnomer, as the classical [[w:Phrygian language|Phrygian language]], which used to be spoken very near to where the Semitic Phrygian tribes initially settled, is an [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] closely related to [[w:Greek language|Greek]].


Classical Phrygian still survives as the liturgical language of the Church of Smyrna, one of the [[w:Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox Churches]].
Classical Phrygian still survives as the liturgical language of the Church of Smyrna, one of the [[w:Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox Churches]].
Line 32: Line 33:
==History==
==History==
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Standard Phrygian has 26 consonant phonemes and 11 vowel phonemes. Some coronal phonemes contrast between plain and velarized consonants.
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
Line 134: Line 136:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| colspan="2" | i
| i
| colspan="2" | u
| iː
| u
| uː
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
Line 144: Line 148:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="4" | a
| colspan="4" | a aː<sup>[7]</sup>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
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# /b d ɡ/ may be unconditionally geminated by older speakers such that they do not contrast with /bː dː ɡː/.
# /b d ɡ/ may be unconditionally geminated by older speakers such that they do not contrast with /bː dː ɡː/.
# the phonemic contrast between /tˠ(ː)/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩) and /tˠː/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩) has largely disappeared among younger speakers, merging both into either /tˠ/ or /tˠː/. Older speakers who still retain the distinction always pronounce /tˠ(ː)/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩ as [tˠ] and /tˠː/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩ as [tˠː].
# the phonemic contrast between /tˠ(ː)/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩) and /tˠː/ (spelled ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩) has largely disappeared among younger speakers, merging both into either /tˠ/ or /tˠː/. Older speakers who still retain the distinction always pronounce /tˠ(ː)/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">b</span>⟩ as [tˠ] and /tˠː/ ⟨<span style="font-family: 'Times'; font-size: 15px;">r̃</span>⟩ as [tˠː].
# /ɡ/ is allophonically pronounced as [ɟ] near front vowels
# /ɡ/ is allophonically pronounced as [ɟ] near front vowels.
# /e/ is realized as [e̝~ɪ]
# /e/ is realized as [e̝~ɪ].
# /a aː/ are realized as [ɑ ɑː] near velarized consonants.
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Phrygian uses its own script, aptly named the Phrygian script ({{vry-times||ɑ́ʌɛƞƞɛɜ}} {{vry-times||ƞpɛ́ucɑıɜ}}, ''áleppesj préxaisj''). The Phrygian script is an an [[w:Alphabet|alphabetic]] writing system developed for specifically for the Phrygian language during the Classical Phrygian period mainly from the [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek script]], which it supplanted. It also utilizes some letters of [[w:Aramaic Alphabet|Aramaic]] origin to represent sounds not present in the base Greek alphabet, such as classical /ħ/ ⟨{{vry-times||n}}⟩, /ʕ/ ⟨{{vry-times||v}}⟩, /sˤ/ ⟨{{vry-times||ր}}⟩, and /ʃˤ/ ⟨{{vry-times||ɭ}}⟩. Though ever since its creation, multiple sounds have merged, leaving many redundant etymological letters such as /x/ ⟨{{vry-times||x m n}}⟩, /ɣ/ ⟨{{vry-times||ɼ v}}⟩, and /tˠ/ ⟨{{vry-times||r̃ b}}⟩.
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Phrygian Alphabet'''
|+ '''Phrygian Alphabet'''
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Grapheme
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme
! Sound (IPA)
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA)
! Source
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Source
! Grapheme
! Romanization
! Sound (IPA)
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme
! Source
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA)
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Source
! Romanization
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ᴀ|}}, {{vry-times||ɑ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴀ|}}, {{vry-times||ɑ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /a/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /a/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Alpha|α]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Alpha|α]]
| {{vry-times|ᴏ|}}, {{vry-times||o}}
| a
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴏ|}}, {{vry-times||o}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔ/, /f/<sup>[2]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omicron|ο]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omicron|ο]]
| o, f
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ʙ|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʙ|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /f/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /f/
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Beta|β]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Beta|β]]
| {{vry-times|ᴘ|}}, {{vry-times||p}}
| f
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴘ|}}, {{vry-times||p}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /r/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /r/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Rho|ρ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Rho|ρ]]
| r
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ʙ̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ̰}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʙ̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɓ̰}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /b/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /b/
| {{vry-times|ᴄ|}}, {{vry-times||c}}
| b
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴄ|}}, {{vry-times||c}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /s/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /s/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Sigma|ϲ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Sigma|ϲ]]
| s
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|г|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|г|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/<sup>[1]</sup>
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Gamma|γ]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Gamma|γ]]
| {{vry-times|ᴛ|}}, {{vry-times||r}}
| gh
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴛ|}}, {{vry-times||r}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t/
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Tau|τ]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Tau|τ]]
| t
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|г̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ̃}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|г̰|}}, {{vry-times||ɼ̃}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɡ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɡ/
| {{vry-times|ᴛ̰|}}, {{vry-times||r̃}}
| g
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴛ̰|}}, {{vry-times||r̃}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/
| ț, țț
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|s|}}, {{vry-times||s}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|s|}}, {{vry-times||s}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d͡ʒ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d͡ʒ/
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Delta|δ]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Delta|δ]]
| {{vry-times|ƞ|}}, {{vry-times||ƞ}}
| dj
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ƞ|}}, {{vry-times||ƞ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /p/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /p/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Phi|φ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Phi|φ]]
| p
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|s̰|}}, {{vry-times||s̃}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|s̰|}}, {{vry-times||s̃}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /d/
| {{vry-times|x|}}, {{vry-times||x}}
| d
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|x|}}, {{vry-times||x}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Chi|χ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Chi|χ]]
| ch
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ᴇ|}}, {{vry-times||ɛ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴇ|}}, {{vry-times||ɛ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Epsilon|ε]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Epsilon|ε]]
| {{vry-times|ꝏ|}}, {{vry-times||ꝏ}}
| e
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ꝏ|}}, {{vry-times||ꝏ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omega|ω]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Omega|ω]]
| u
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ч|}}, {{vry-times||ɥ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ч|}}, {{vry-times||ɥ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /z/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /z/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Zeta|ζ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Zeta|ζ]]
| {{vry-times|m|}}, {{vry-times||m}}
| z
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|m|}}, {{vry-times||m}}
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /x/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:He (letter)|𐡄]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:He (letter)|𐡄]]
| rowspan="2" | ch
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ɋ|}}, {{vry-times||q}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ɋ|}}, {{vry-times||q}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t͡ʃ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /t͡ʃ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Theta|θ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Theta|θ]]
| {{vry-times|n|}}, {{vry-times||n}}
| tj
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|n|}}, {{vry-times||n}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Heth|𐡇]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Heth|𐡇]]
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ɪ|}}, {{vry-times||ı}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ɪ|}}, {{vry-times||ı}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /i/, /j/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /i/, /j/<sup>[2]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Iota|ι]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Iota|ι]]
| {{vry-times|ь|}}, {{vry-times||b}}
| i
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ь|}}, {{vry-times||b}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /tˠ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Teth|𐡈]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Teth|𐡈]]
| ț
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|u|}}, {{vry-times||u}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|u|}}, {{vry-times||u}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /c/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /c/
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Kappa|κ]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Kappa|κ]]
| {{vry-times|ⱻ|}}, {{vry-times||ɜ}}
| k
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ⱻ|}}, {{vry-times||ɜ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Samekh|𐡎]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Samekh|𐡎]]
| sj
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ṵ|}}, {{vry-times||ũ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ṵ|}}, {{vry-times||ũ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /k/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /k/
| {{vry-times|ᴠ|}}, {{vry-times||v}}
| q
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴠ|}}, {{vry-times||v}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɣ/, /◌ː/<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Ayin|𐡏]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Ayin|𐡏]]
| gh
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ʌ|}}, {{vry-times||ʌ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʌ|}}, {{vry-times||ʌ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /l/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /l/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Lambda|λ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Lambda|λ]]
| {{vry-times|ր|}}, {{vry-times||ր}}
| l
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ր|}}, {{vry-times||ր}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /sˠ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /sˠ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Tsade|𐡑]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Tsade|𐡑]]
| ș
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ᴡ|}}, {{vry-times||ɯ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴡ|}}, {{vry-times||ɯ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /m/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /m/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Mu|μ]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Mu|μ]]
| {{vry-times|ʟ|}}, {{vry-times||ɭ}}
| m
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʟ|}}, {{vry-times||ɭ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃˠ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʃˠ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Lamedh|𐡋]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Aramaic [[w:Lamedh|𐡋]]
| șj
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ʏ|}}, {{vry-times||ү}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʏ|}}, {{vry-times||ү}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /n/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /n/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Nu|ν]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek [[w:Nu|ν]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| n
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times||◌̔}}<sup>[3]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /h/
| Greek [[w:Rough breathing|◌̔]]
| h
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Phrygian Alphabet digraphs'''
|+ '''Phrygian Alphabet digraphs'''
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Grapheme
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme
! Sound (IPA)
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA)
! Source
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | Source
! Romanization
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ᴀ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɑı}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴀ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɑı}}<sup>[4]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛː/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɛː/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek αι
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek αι
| ai
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ᴀ|o}}, {{vry-times||ɑo}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴀ|o}}, {{vry-times||ɑo}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔː/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɔː/
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian
| au
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ᴇ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɛı}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ᴇ|ı}}, {{vry-times||ɛı}}<sup>[4]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /e/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /e/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ει
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ει
| ei
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|o|ı}}, {{vry-times||oı}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|o|ı}}, {{vry-times||oı}}<sup>[4]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /u/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ου
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Greek ου
| ou, oi
|-
|-
| {{vry-times|ʟ|ɭ}}, {{vry-times||ɭɭ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times|ʟ|ɭ}}, {{vry-times||ɭɭ}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɫ/
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɫ/
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;" | Innovated during Classical Phrygian
| l̦, l̦l̦
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
# When in coda position, {{vry-times||ɼ}}, {{vry-times||v}}, and {{vry-times||◌̔}} are dropped with compensatory vowel lengthening, such as in [[Contionary:peregh|{{vry-times||ƞɛ́pɛɼ}}]] /ˈpɛrɛː/, [[Contionary:zeregh|{{vry-times||ɥɛ́pev}}]] /ˈzɛrɛː/, and [[Contionary:hetjeh|{{vry-times||ἕqɛ‛}}]] /ˈhɛt͡ʃɛː/.
# {{vry-times|ɪ|}} and {{vry-times||o}} consonantally are  /j/ /f/, such as in [[Contionary:ierek|{{vry-times||ıɛ́pɛu}}]] /ˈjɛrɛk/ and [[Contionary:sjelfar|{{vry-times||ɜɛʌoɑ́p}}]] /ʃɛlˈfar/
# When /h/ precedes a vowel, it is written as a diacritic above the vowel, otherwise it is written on its own. Both forms can be seen in [[Contionary:reheh|{{vry-times||pἕɛ‛}}]] /ˈrɛhɛː/.
# In order to distinguish /aj/ /ɛj/ /oj/ from /ɛː/ /e/ /u/, diaereses are usedː {{vry-times||ɑï}}, {{vry-times||ɛï}}, {{vry-times||oï}}.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
==Example text==
==Example text==
Vrianne
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