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Aryan: Difference between revisions
→Development into Indo-European Languages
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The language is demonstrared using two modern Indo-European languages (German and Russian) and two ancient ones (Latin and Greek). | The language is demonstrared using two modern Indo-European languages (German and Russian) and two ancient ones (Latin and Greek). | ||
Aryan has only zero-grade (∅) and full grade (_) | |||
*(_)-as [forms active nouns] EX: kʰúh2as "sound" = PIE *(é)-os in *ḱlewos | |||
*(∅)-ás [forms active adjectives] EX: *pdás "capable to step" = PIE *(e)-ós in *pṓds | |||
*(á)-as [forms passive nouns] EX: dámas "house" = PIE *(ó)-os in *dómos | |||
*(a)-ás [forms passive adjectives] EX: = PIE *(o)-ós, *the construction became agentive instead of passive in PIE, but some archaic forms remain, such as *gʰoysós "spear" | |||
*(_)-tár [forms agent nouns] | |||
*(_)-tram [forms instrument nouns] *fusion of *(_)-tár [agent particle] and *-am [neuter particle] | |||
*(∅)-C-ás [forms derived nouns through mobile roots] EX: *pʰtʰūymás PIE = PIE *(∅)-mós | |||
mobile roots: | |||
-*r "quality" | |||
-*m "result" | |||
-*dʰ "fixation" | |||
origin of PIE declensions: | |||
(_)-as Hysterokinetic: | |||
*kʰúh2as > (*ḱléwos) > *ḱléwos | |||
*kʰuh2ásyas > (*ḱlewésyos) > *ḱléwesos | |||
(∅)-ás Hysterokinetic: | |||
*pdás > *pád∅s (*pods) > *pṓds | |||
*pdasyás > *padás∅s (*pedés) > *pedés | |||
*(á)-as Acrostatic: | |||
*pkáih1as > (*ǵʰéyos) > *ǵʰéyos | |||
*pkáih1asyas > (*ǵʰéyosyos) > *ǵʰéyosyo | |||
*(a)-ás Acrostatic: | |||
*pkaisás > (*ǵʰoysós) > *ǵʰoysós | |||
*pkaisásyas > (*ǵʰoysésyos) > *ǵʰoysósyo | |||
ptár > ph2tḗr | |||
ptsaryás > ptryás (pətrés)> ph2trés | |||
What marks a Transitional Dialect: | What marks a Transitional Dialect: | ||