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Sintsiran: Difference between revisions
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* /ç/ is an allophone of /x/ when followed by "e" or "i". | * /ç/ is an allophone of /x/ when followed by "e" or "i". | ||
===Vowels=== | |||
The Sintsiran language has the basic five vowels: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/. There are long and short vowels. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
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Because the sound /ʃ/ is not native to Sintsiran, loanwords originally containing this sound get borrowed as as "si" or "s". For example, German ''Schärpe'' became ''[[Contionary:siérpa|<u>si</u>érpa]]'', and French ''douche'' became ''[[Contionary:dúsia|dú<u>si</u>a]]''. | Because the sound /ʃ/ is not native to Sintsiran, loanwords originally containing this sound get borrowed as as "si" or "s". For example, German ''Schärpe'' became ''[[Contionary:siérpa|<u>si</u>érpa]]'', and French ''douche'' became ''[[Contionary:dúsia|dú<u>si</u>a]]''. | ||
Like Greek, any word with two or more syllable must indicate stress in the orthography. | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Nominals=== | ===Nominals=== | ||
Sintsiran nouns have four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. It also retained all three genders from Proto-Indo-European: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives are declined by case and gender. There are six different declensions, or broad patterns to decline a noun or adjective. | Sintsiran nouns have four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. It also retained all three genders from Proto-Indo-European: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives are declined by case and gender. There are six different declensions, or broad patterns to decline a noun or adjective. | ||
====First Declension==== | |||
The first declension is only applicable to nouns of the feminine gender. This declension has short-stem declension (where the final vowel is short) and long-stem declension (where the final vowel is long). The difference between the two occurs in the singular inflection, and the plural inflection remains the same. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ short-stem | |||
|- | |||
! ''Case'' !! singular !! plural | |||
|- | |||
! nominative | |||
| -a, -e || -ēs | |||
|- | |||
! accusative | |||
| -am, -em || -ēs | |||
|- | |||
! genitive | |||
| -as, -es || -ēm | |||
|- | |||
! dative | |||
| -ī|| -ōs | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
* {{term|úga}} (river) | |||
* {{term|fláne}} (fur) | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ long-stem | |||
|- | |||
! ''Case'' !! singular !! plural | |||
|- | |||
! nominative | |||
| -ē, -ō || -ēs, -ōs | |||
|- | |||
! accusative | |||
| -ām, -uām || -ēs, -ōs | |||
|- | |||
! genitive | |||
| -ās, -uās || -ēm, -ōs | |||
|- | |||
! dative | |||
| -ēi, -ōi|| -ōs, -ūs | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
* {{term|téllē}} (girl) | |||
* {{term|iûnō}} (cheek) | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||