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====First Declension==== | ====First Declension==== | ||
The first declension is only applicable to | The first declension is only applicable to nominals of the feminine gender. This declension has short-stem declension (where the final vowel is short) and long-stem declension (where the final vowel is long). The difference between the two occurs in the singular inflection, and the plural inflection remains the same. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ short-stem | |+ short-stem | ||
| Line 128: | Line 128: | ||
* {{term|téllē}} (girl) | * {{term|téllē}} (girl) | ||
* {{term|iûnō}} (cheek) | * {{term|iûnō}} (cheek) | ||
====Second Declension==== | |||
The second declension is only applicable to nominals of the masculine and neuter genders. This declension is susceptible to root mutations. In the following charts, the asterisk (*) will mark areas where the root mutation happens if it occurs. In adjectives, the feminine counterpart is the first declension's short-stem declension with the root mutation. Root mutations only happens in masculine nouns and adjectives | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Masculine nouns and adjectives | |||
|- | |||
! ''Case'' !! singular !! plural | |||
|- | |||
! nominative | |||
| -(s) || *-ūs | |||
|- | |||
! accusative | |||
| *-u || *-ōs | |||
|- | |||
! genitive | |||
| -(s)e || *-am | |||
|- | |||
! dative | |||
| *-i|| *-ōs | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
* ''{{term|boks}}'' (plural ''bókūs'') (hook) | |||
* ''{{term|īf}}'' (plural ''îfūs'') (horse) | |||
* ''{{term|vlōs}}'' (plural ''vlúgūs'') (wolf) ''[has a root mutation]'' | |||
* ''{{term|nēl}}'' (plural ''nélūs'') (cheese) ''[has a root mutation]'' | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Neutral nouns | |||
|- | |||
! ''Case'' !! singular !! plural | |||
|- | |||
! nominative | |||
| -u || -e | |||
|- | |||
! accusative | |||
| -u || -e | |||
|- | |||
! genitive | |||
| -e || -am | |||
|- | |||
! dative | |||
| -i|| -ōs | |||
|} | |||
Example: | |||
* ''{{term|mállu}}'' (plural ''málle'') (hammer) | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Neutral adjectives | |||
|- | |||
! ''Case'' !! singular !! plural | |||
|- | |||
! nominative | |||
| ‡-u || *-e | |||
|- | |||
! accusative | |||
| *-u || *-e | |||
|- | |||
! genitive | |||
| -(s)e || *-am | |||
|- | |||
! dative | |||
| *-i|| *-ōs | |||
|} | |||
‡ If the masculine singular inflection ends with an -s: | |||
* If it is after a vowel, replace the -s with a -u. | |||
* If it is after a consonant, insert a -u after the mutated form of the root. | |||
* ''{{term|muls}}'' (neutral sg. ''múldu'', neutral pl. ''múlde'') (soft) | |||
* ''{{term|vrōs}}'' (neutral sg. ''vrōu'', neutral pl. ''vróve'') (heavy) | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||