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(Finished section on mood) |
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<h3>Mood</h3> | <h3>Mood</h3> | ||
While tense and aspect play very minor roles in Antarctican, the language has a rich set of grammatical moods, formed by prefixes on the verb. It is conflated with evidentiality, but totally separated from mirativity. | |||
| | ||
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to be spit, noun-focus, presumptive(loss of initial syllable and | to be spit, noun-focus, presumptive(loss of initial syllable and | ||
ejectivisation of /p/) | ejectivisation of /p/) | ||
| |||
<h4>Conditional Mood</h4> | |||
This is used for events that | |||
could, in the speaker’s mind, happen / have happened / will happen, but as long | |||
as some other event happens. The action described by the verb in the | |||
conditional mood must be dependent on something else (which may or may not be | |||
explicitly given in the sentence). Unlike the presumptive mood, the speaker | |||
must believe that the event being described is at least theoretically possible. | |||
It is formed by the prefix go- e.g. | |||
| |||
qíeypyiqiiey | |||
/ʔeiʔpʲiʔeːi/ - to spit out, mirative | |||
goqíeypyiqiiey | |||
/gɔʔeiʔpʲiʔeːi/ - to spit out, mirative, | |||
conditional | |||
| |||
qinyieliqaa | |||
/ʔiɲeliʔaː/ - to pierce, mirative | |||
goqinyieliqaa | |||
/gɔʔiɲeliʔaː/ - to pierce, mirative, conditional | |||
| |||
It | |||
undergoes the exact same processes as the prefix for presumptive mood e.g. | |||
| |||
rèdlu | |||
/ʁɘɦdɮu/ - red, mirative | |||
tùrèdlu | |||
/tuɦʁɘɦdɮu/ - red, mirative, presumptive | |||
kùorèdlu /koɦʁɘɦdɮu/ | |||
- red, mirative, conditional (phonation spreads in exactly the same way) | |||
| |||
pùelùe | |||
/pɨɦlɨɦ/ - bridge, absolutive | |||
myùepùelùe | |||
/mʲɨɦpɨɦlɨɦ/ - my bridge, absolutive | |||
(breathy voice spreads) | |||
bilidli | |||
/bilidɮi/ - to be a bridge / to make it across, verb root | |||
pùelùezi | |||
/pɨɦlɨɦzi/ - to make it across, noun-focus | |||
tùpùelùezi | |||
/tuɦpɨɦlɨɦzi/ - to make it across, noun-focus, | |||
presumptive (breathy voice spreads again) | |||
kùopùelùezi | |||
/koɦpɨɦlɨɦzi/ - to make it across, noun-focus, | |||
conditional (breathy voice spreads yet again) | |||
| |||
wùerù | |||
./wɨɦʁuɦ/ - frog, absolutive | |||
myiwùerù | |||
./mʲiwɨɦʁuɦ/ - frog, absolutive (breathy voice | |||
spreading is blocked) | |||
wùerùgin | |||
/wɨɦʁuɦgiɴ/ - frog, ergative | |||
wùerùgi | |||
/wɨɦʁuɦgi/ - to be a frog, root | |||
wùerùji | |||
/wɨɦʁuɦɟi/ - to be a frog, mirative | |||
duwùerùji | |||
/duwɨɦʁuɦɟi/ - to be a frog, mirative, | |||
presumptive(breathy voice spreading is blocked again) | |||
gowùerùji | |||
/gɔwɨɦʁuɦɟi/ - to be a frog, mirative, | |||
conditional (breathy voice spreading is blocked yet again) | |||
wùerùgùe | |||
/wɨɦʁɨɦgɨɦ/ - to be a frog, noun focus | |||
duwùerùgùe | |||
/duwɨɦʁɨɦgɨɦ/ - to be a frog, noun focus, | |||
presumptive | |||
gowùerùgùe | |||
/gɔwɨɦʁɨɦgɨɦ/ - to be a frog, noun | |||
focus, conditional | |||
| |||
suekiraeypi | |||
/sɨkiʁɛipi/ - a scrape, absolutive | |||
myíeykiraypi | |||
/mʲeiʔkiʁaipi/ - my scrape, absolutive (the first syllable is | |||
deleted and the prefix takes tense voice) | |||
suekiraeypi | |||
/sɨkiʁɛipi/ - to become scraped, root | |||
suekiraeypyu | |||
/sɨkiʁɛipʲu/ - to become scraped, mirative | |||
túowkiraeypyu | |||
/touʔkiʁɛipʲu/ - to become scraped, mirative, presumptive | |||
(the first syllable is deleted and the prefix takes tense voice again) | |||
kóekiraeypyu | |||
/kɜʔkiʁɛipʲu/ - to become scraped, mirative, | |||
conditional (the first syllable is deleted and the prefix takes tense voice yet | |||
again) | |||
suekiraypùe | |||
/waʔkiʁaipɨɦ/ - to become scraped, noun-focus | |||
túowkiraypùe | |||
/ touʔkiʁaipɨɦ/ - to become scraped, noun-focus, | |||
presumptive | |||
kóekiraypùe | |||
/ kɜʔkiʁaipɨɦ/ - to become scraped, noun-focus, | |||
conditional | |||
| |||
gali | |||
/gali/ - hole, absolutive | |||
myingali | |||
/mʲiŋali/ - my hole, absolutive (initial consonant changes to /ŋ/) | |||
gali | |||
/gali/ - to be a hole, verb root | |||
galiqi | |||
/galiʔi/ - to be a hole, mirative | |||
duongaliqi | |||
/doŋaliʔi/ - to be a hole, mirative, presumptive (initial consonant | |||
changes to /ŋ/ again) | |||
gaongaliqi | |||
/gɒŋaliʔi/ - to be a hole, mirative, conditional (initial | |||
consonant changes to /ŋ/ again) | |||
kòelùe | |||
/kɜɦlɨɦ/ - to be a hole, noun-focus | |||
tùngòelùe | |||
/tuɦŋɜɦlɨɦ/ - to be a hole, noun-focus, | |||
presumptive | |||
kùongòelùe | |||
/koɦŋɜɦlɨɦ/ - to be a hole, noun-focus, | |||
conditional | |||
| |||
bun | |||
/buɴ/ - pants, absolutive | |||
myizibun | |||
/mʲizibuɴ/ - my pants, absolutive (insertion of -zi-) | |||
bun | |||
/buɴ/ - to be pants, root | |||
byan | |||
/bʲaɴ/ - to be pants, mirative | |||
duozibyan | |||
/dozibʲaɴ/ - to be pants, mirative, presumptive(insertion of -zi- | |||
again) | |||
gaozibyan | |||
/gɒzibʲaɴ/ - to be pants, mirative, conditional (insertion of | |||
-zi- yet again) | |||
pùn | |||
/puɴɦ/ - to be pants, noun-focus | |||
tùsùepùn | |||
/tuɦsɨɦpuɴɦ/ - to be pants, noun-focus, presumptive | |||
(insertion of -zi- again, which changes to -sùe- due to taking on breathy | |||
voice) | |||
kùosùepùn | |||
/koɦsɨɦpuɴɦ/ - to be pants, noun-focus, conditional | |||
(same as above) | |||
| |||
síeypyíey | |||
/seiʔpʲeiʔ/ - spit, absolutive | |||
míeyppyíey | |||
/mʲeiʔpʼʲeiʔ/ - my spit, absolutive (loss of initial | |||
syllable and ejectivisation of /p/) | |||
síeypyíeytuɴ | |||
/seiʔpʲeiʔtuɴ/ - spit, ergative | |||
míeyppyíeytun | |||
/mʲeiʔpʼʲeiʔtuɴ/ - my spit, ergative (loss of | |||
initial syllable and ejectivisation of /p/ again ) | |||
síeypyíeytu | |||
/seiʔpʲeiʔtu/ - to be spit, root | |||
síeypyíeytla | |||
/seiʔpʲeiʔtɬa/ - to be spit, mirative | |||
túowppyíeytla | |||
/touʔpʼʲeiʔtɬa/ - to be spit, mirative, presumptive | |||
(loss of initial syllable and ejectivisation of /p/ yet again) | |||
kóeppyíeytla | |||
/kɜʔpʼʲeiʔtɬa/ - to be spit, mirative, | |||
conditional | |||
síeypyíeytù | |||
/seiʔpʲeiʔtuɦ/ - to be spit, noun-focus | |||
túowppyíeytù | |||
/touʔpʼʲeiʔtuɦ/ - to be spit, noun-focus, presumptive | |||
kóeppyíeytù | |||
/kɜʔpʼʲeiʔtuɦ/ - to be spit, noun-focus, | |||
presumptive | |||
| |||
<h4>Dubitative Mood</h4> | |||
This is used to indicate that the speaker is making a guess | |||
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubitative_mood). It is marked with the prefix | |||
muy-. | |||
| |||
<h4>Inferential Mood</h4> | |||
This is used when the speaker | |||
has found some evidence to infer that something is / was / will be happening, | |||
but has not witnessed it (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferential_mood). It is | |||
marked with the prefix bi- | |||
| |||
<h4>Deductive Mood</h4> | |||
This is used when the speaker | |||
has not witnessed an event, but is very sure that it is / was / will be | |||
happening (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_mood). It is marked with the | |||
prefix ma-. | |||
| |||
<h4>Renarrative Mood</h4> | |||
This is used for information | |||
that the speaker has been told. It is marked with the prefix wa-. | |||
| |||
<h4>Assumptive Mood</h4> | |||
This has two uses. The first | |||
is for events that the speaker believes are / were / will be happening, based | |||
on that event having previously occurred | |||
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumptive_mood). The second is where English | |||
would use the constructed “tend(s) to ...” to describe habit. It is marked with | |||
the prefix kun-. | |||
| |||
<h4>Imperative Mood</h4> | |||
This is used to tell the | |||
listener to do something (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_mood). It is | |||
marked with the prefix hay- | |||
| |||
<h4>Propositive Mood</h4> | |||
This is used to make a | |||
suggestion to do something together with the listener | |||
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositive_mood). It is normally marked with the | |||
prefix ráesi- e.g. | |||
| |||
rèdlu | |||
/ʁɘɦdɮu/ - red, mirative | |||
ráesuerèdlu | |||
/ ʁɛʔsɨʁɘɦdɮu/ | |||
- red, mirative, propositive | |||
| |||
However, if tense voice | |||
spreads onto the prefix, the fricative -s- changes to the ejective -tts- e.g. | |||
suekiraeypyu | |||
/sɨkiʁɛipʲu/ - to become scraped, mirative | |||
ráettsíeykiraeypyu /rɛʔtsʼeiʔkiʁɛipʲu/ | |||
- to become scraped, mirative, propositive | |||
| |||
<h4>Jussive Mood</h4> | |||
This is used for things that | |||
the speaker believes should happen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jussive_mood). | |||
It can be used with 1st, 2nd and 3rd person | |||
subjects. It is marked with the prefix dla-. | |||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] |
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