15
edits
High Kzholtag: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Kzhol allows any sequence of phonemes with one exception: no more than four voiceless phones may be adjacent. Arbitrarily long strings of voiced consonants are allowed, and handled by syllabification | Kzhol allows any sequence of phonemes with one exception: no more than four voiceless phones may be adjacent. Arbitrarily long strings of voiced consonants are allowed, and handled by syllabification. | ||
In addition to vowels, Kzholtag allows any voiced consonant to act as a syllable nucleus. It divides these into four categories based on behavior. | In addition to vowels, Kzholtag allows any voiced consonant to act as a syllable nucleus. It divides these into four categories based on behavior. | ||
Note that Kyol syllabification operates on a clause-wide basis. When two syllabic consonants are placed adjacent in a clause, the first one will fuse with the syllable onset. | Note that Kyol syllabification operates on a clause-wide basis. When two syllabic consonants are placed adjacent in a clause, the first one will fuse with the syllable onset. | ||
**Voiced Plosives: /b/, /d/, /ɟ̟/, /g/** | |||
Voiced plosives become syllabic only when surrounded by other plosives, voiceless consonants, or clause boundaries. They take an epenthetic [ə̆] beforehands when syllabic. | |||
kdaag | |||
[kə̆.daag] | [kə̆.daag] | ||
Nasals: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ | |||
**Nasals: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/** | |||
Nasals become syllabic when surrounded by clause boundaries, plosives, voiceless consonants, or other nasals. Syllabic nasals are ellided if they are word-initial and followed by an identical nasal, or word-final and preceded by one. | Nasals become syllabic when surrounded by clause boundaries, plosives, voiceless consonants, or other nasals. Syllabic nasals are ellided if they are word-initial and followed by an identical nasal, or word-final and preceded by one. | ||
Front Continuants: /z/, /ð/, /l/, /r/ | |||
**Front Continuants: /z/, /ð/, /l/, /r/** | |||
Front continuants become syllabic when they are surrounded by other consonants or clause boundaries. They behave similarly to nasals. | Front continuants become syllabic when they are surrounded by other consonants or clause boundaries. They behave similarly to nasals. | ||
Back Continuants: /ʑ/, /ɣᵓ/, /ʎ/ | |||
**Back Continuants: /ʑ/, /ɣᵓ/, /ʎ/** | |||
Back continuants become syllabic when they are surrounded by other consonants or clause boundaries. When they are syllabic, /ʑ/ and /ɣᵓ/ mutate into [ʝ̞] and [ɣ̞ᵓ]. | Back continuants become syllabic when they are surrounded by other consonants or clause boundaries. When they are syllabic, /ʑ/ and /ɣᵓ/ mutate into [ʝ̞] and [ɣ̞ᵓ]. | ||
Note that /ʑ/ is considered a back continuant because it evolves from Old High Kzholtag /ʝ/. This form is retained in syllabic position and adjacent to alveolar consonants. | Note that /ʑ/ is considered a back continuant because it evolves from Old High Kzholtag /ʝ/. This form is retained in syllabic position and adjacent to alveolar consonants. | ||
Sequences of back and front continuants can behave extremely irregularly because of syllabification. For instance: | Sequences of back and front continuants can behave extremely irregularly because of syllabification. For instance: | ||
zhğğzh zhğğljzh e. | zhğğzh zhğğljzh e. | ||
[ˈʑɣ̞̍ᵓ.ɣᵓʝ̞̍. ʑɣ̞̍ᵓ.ˈɣᵓʎ̍.ʑə] | [ˈʑɣ̞̍ᵓ.ɣᵓʝ̞̍. ʑɣ̞̍ᵓ.ˈɣᵓʎ̍.ʑə] | ||
“Zhğğzh (a type of fermented broth) is bubbling.” | “Zhğğzh (a type of fermented broth) is bubbling.” | ||
dja zhğğzh zhzhğğljzh e. | dja zhğğzh zhzhğğljzh e. | ||
[ɟ̟aʑ.ˈɣᵓɣ̞̍ᵓ.ʑʝ̞̍.ˈɣᵓɣ̞̍ᵓ.ˈʎ̍.ʑə] | [ɟ̟aʑ.ˈɣᵓɣ̞̍ᵓ.ʑʝ̞̍.ˈɣᵓɣ̞̍ᵓ.ˈʎ̍.ʑə] | ||
“That zhhğğzh is bubbling.” | “That zhhğğzh is bubbling.” | ||
Note in the second example that [ˈʑɣ̞̍.ˈʎ̍.ʑi] is accurate and not [ˈʑɣ̞̍.ˈʎʝ̞̍.i] - syllabic consonants cannot occur next to syllabic resonants. This will only alter pronunciation within the word, its effects will not extend throughout the clause: | Note in the second example that [ˈʑɣ̞̍.ˈʎ̍.ʑi] is accurate and not [ˈʑɣ̞̍.ˈʎʝ̞̍.i] - syllabic consonants cannot occur next to syllabic resonants. This will only alter pronunciation within the word, its effects will not extend throughout the clause: | ||
na zhzhzhoor. | na zhzhzhoor. | ||
[na.ʑʝ̞̍.ˈʑʌᵓːr] | [na.ʑʝ̞̍.ˈʑʌᵓːr] | ||
“The woman spins it.” | “The woman spins it.” | ||
NOT *[naʑ.ˈʑʝ̞̍.ʌᵓːr] | NOT *[naʑ.ˈʑʝ̞̍.ʌᵓːr] | ||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||