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High Kzholtag: Difference between revisions
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====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Kzhol allows any sequence of phonemes with one exception: no more than four voiceless phones may be adjacent. Arbitrarily long strings of voiced consonants are allowed, and handled by syllabification: | Kzhol allows any sequence of phonemes with one exception: no more than four voiceless phones may be adjacent. Arbitrarily long strings of voiced consonants are allowed, and handled by syllabification: | ||
Syllabification | |||
In addition to vowels, Kzholtag allows any voiced consonant to act as a syllable nucleus. It divides these into four categories based on behavior. | |||
Note that Kyol syllabification operates on a clause-wide basis. When two syllabic consonants are placed adjacent in a clause, the first one will fuse with the syllable onset. | |||
Voiced Plosives: /b/, /d/, /ɟ̟/, /g/ | |||
Voiced plosives become syllabic only when surrounded by other plosives, voiceless consonants, or clause boundaries. They take an epenthetic [ə̆] beforehands when syllabic. | |||
kdaag | |||
[kə̆.daag] | |||
Nasals: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ | |||
Nasals become syllabic when surrounded by clause boundaries, plosives, voiceless consonants, or other nasals. Syllabic nasals are ellided if they are word-initial and followed by an identical nasal, or word-final and preceded by one. | |||
Front Continuants: /z/, /ð/, /l/, /r/ | |||
Front continuants become syllabic when they are surrounded by other consonants or clause boundaries. They behave similarly to nasals. | |||
Back Continuants: /ʑ/, /ɣᵓ/, /ʎ/ | |||
Back continuants become syllabic when they are surrounded by other consonants or clause boundaries. When they are syllabic, /ʑ/ and /ɣᵓ/ mutate into [ʝ̞] and [ɣ̞ᵓ]. | |||
Note that /ʑ/ is considered a back continuant because it evolves from Old High Kzholtag /ʝ/. This form is retained in syllabic position and adjacent to alveolar consonants. | |||
Sequences of back and front continuants can behave extremely irregularly because of syllabification. For instance: | |||
zhğğzh zhğğljzh e. | |||
[ˈʑɣ̞̍ᵓ.ɣᵓʝ̞̍. ʑɣ̞̍ᵓ.ˈɣᵓʎ̍.ʑə] | |||
“Zhğğzh (a type of fermented broth) is bubbling.” | |||
dja zhğğzh zhzhğğljzh e. | |||
[ɟ̟aʑ.ˈɣᵓɣ̞̍ᵓ.ʑʝ̞̍.ˈɣᵓɣ̞̍ᵓ.ˈʎ̍.ʑə] | |||
“That zhhğğzh is bubbling.” | |||
Note in the second example that [ˈʑɣ̞̍.ˈʎ̍.ʑi] is accurate and not [ˈʑɣ̞̍.ˈʎʝ̞̍.i] - syllabic consonants cannot occur next to syllabic resonants. This will only alter pronunciation within the word, its effects will not extend throughout the clause: | |||
na zhzhzhoor. | |||
[na.ʑʝ̞̍.ˈʑʌᵓːr] | |||
“The woman spins it.” | |||
NOT *[naʑ.ˈʑʝ̞̍.ʌᵓːr] | |||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||