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Akhyan: Difference between revisions

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Akhyan’s declension paradigm is surprisingly streamlined, consisting of only three distinct declension patterns. The general classification is:
Akhyan’s declension paradigm is surprisingly streamlined, consisting of only three distinct declension patterns. The general classification is:
* Akranta '''အကြန်တ''' (-a stems)
* Akranta (-a stems)
* Zeokçho '''ဓါက်ဌး''' (-o stems)
* Zeokçho (-o stems)
* Mitaveş '''မိတဘဲၑ်''' (Consonant stems)
* Mitaveş (Consonant stems)


According to the Rasthani '''ရသ်ထနိ''', the manuscript identified 8 cases which is defined in the book as "Fyaqä" '''ၾျငႄ'''. The eight fyaqä (cases) are the intransitive, ergative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive and locative cases.
According to the Rasthani, the manuscript identified 8 cases which is defined in the book as "Türrao". The eight Türrao (cases) are the intransitive, ergative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive and locative cases.
* Łiunaing '''ဍၖနေင်''' Intransitive Case
* Łiunaing '''Intransitive Case'''
* Kaothiv '''ကဝ်ထိဘ''' Ergative Case
* Kaothiv '''Ergative Case'''
* Penubo '''ပဲနုဗး''' Accusative Case
* Penubo '''Accusative Case'''
* Nauthang '''နီထင်''' Genitive Case
* Nauthang '''Genitive Case'''
* Seomar '''သါမရ်''' Dative Case
* Seomar '''Dative Case'''
* Baćhi '''ဗဆိ''' Ablative Case
* Baćhi '''Ablative Case'''
* Xallei '''ဟလ်လဲယ်''' Locative Case
* Xallei '''Locative Case'''
* Reftou '''ရဲၾ်တးဝ်''' Instrumental Case
* Reftou '''Instrumental Case'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Akranta (a-stems) Example: Koşçha ကးသ်ထ "Storeroom"
|+Akranta (a-stems) Example: Koşçha "Storeroom"
! rowspan="2" |Case
! rowspan="2" |Case
! colspan="2" |Layout
! colspan="2" |Layout
Line 369: Line 369:
|'''Intransitive'''
|'''Intransitive'''
| -a
| -a
-အ
| -e
| -e
-အဲ
|Koşçh'''a'''
|Koşçh'''a'''
ကးၑ်ဌ
|Koşçh'''e'''
|Koşçh'''e'''
ကးၑ်ဌဲ
|-
|-
|'''Ergative'''
|'''Ergative'''
| -ane
| -ane
-အနဲ
| -ene
| -ene
-အဲနဲ
|Koşçh'''ane'''
|Koşçh'''ane'''
ကးၑ်ဌနဲ
|Koşçh'''ene'''
|Koşçh'''ene'''
ကးၑ်ဌဲနဲ
|-
|-
|'''Accusative'''
|'''Accusative'''
| -am
| -am
-အမ်
| -as
| -as
-အသ်
|Koşçh'''am'''
|Koşçh'''am'''
ကးၑ်ဌမ်
|Koşçh'''as'''
|Koşçh'''as'''
ကးၑ်ဌသ်
|-
|-
|'''Genitive'''
|'''Genitive'''
| -arum
| -arum
-အရုမ်
| -os
| -os
-အးသ်
|Koşçh'''arum'''
|Koşçh'''arum'''
ကးၑ်ဌရုမ်
|Koşçh'''os'''
|Koşçh'''os'''
ကးၑ်ဌးသ်
|-
|-
|'''Dative'''
|'''Dative'''
| -avya
| -avya
-အဘျ
| -anya
| -anya
-အနျ
|Koşçh'''avya'''
|Koşçh'''avya'''
ကးၑ်ဌဘျ
|Koşçh'''anya'''
|Koşçh'''anya'''
ကးၑ်ဌနျ
|-
|-
|'''Ablative'''
|'''Ablative'''
| -aya
| -aya
-အယ
| -aye
| -aye
-အယဲ
|Koşçh'''aya'''
|Koşçh'''aya'''
ကးၑ်ဌယ
|Koşçh'''aye'''
|Koşçh'''aye'''
ကးၑ်ဌယဲ
|-
|-
|'''Locative'''
|'''Locative'''
| -i
| -i
-အိ
| -evya
| -evya
-အဲဘျ
|Koşçh'''i'''
|Koşçh'''i'''
ကးၑ်ဌိ
|Koşçh'''evya'''
|Koşçh'''evya'''
ကးၑ်ဌဲဘျ
|-
|-
|'''Instrumental'''
|'''Instrumental'''
| -avi
| -avi
-အဘိ
| -avis
| -avis
-အဘိသ်
|Koşçh'''avi'''
|Koşçh'''avi'''
ကးၑ်ဌဘိ
|Koşçh'''avis'''
|Koşçh'''avis'''
ကးၑ်ဌဘိသ်
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Zeokçho (o-stems) Example: Nintalpo နိန်တလ်ပး "Bed"
|+Zeokçho (o-stems) Example: Nintalpo "Bed"
! rowspan="2" |Case
! rowspan="2" |Case
! colspan="2" |Layout
! colspan="2" |Layout
Line 460: Line 428:
|'''Intransitive'''
|'''Intransitive'''
| -o
| -o
-အး
| -ai
| -ai
-အေ
|Nintalp'''o'''
|Nintalp'''o'''
နိန်တလ်ပး
|Nintalp'''ai'''
|Nintalp'''ai'''
နိန်တလ်ပေ
|-
|-
|'''Ergative'''
|'''Ergative'''
| -one
| -one
-အးနဲ
| -ones
| -ones
-အးနဲသ်
|Nintalp'''one'''
|Nintalp'''one'''
နိန်တလ်ပးနဲ
|Nintalp'''ones'''
|Nintalp'''ones'''
နိန်တလ်ပးနဲသ်
|-
|-
|'''Accusative'''
|'''Accusative'''
| -um
| -um
-အုမ်
| -ovas
| -ovas
-အးဘသ်
|Nintalp'''um'''
|Nintalp'''um'''
နိန်တလ်ပုမ်
|Nintalp'''ovas'''
|Nintalp'''ovas'''
နိန်တလ်ပးဘသ်
|-
|-
|'''Genitive'''
|'''Genitive'''
| -una
| -una
-အုန
| -unas
| -unas
-အုနသ်
|Nintalp'''una'''
|Nintalp'''una'''
နိန်တလ်ပုန
|Nintalp'''unas'''
|Nintalp'''unas'''
နိန်တလ်ပုနသ်
|-
|-
|'''Dative'''
|'''Dative'''
| -us
| -us
-အုသ်
| -os
| -os
-အးသ်
|Nintalp'''us'''
|Nintalp'''us'''
နိန်တလ်ပုသ်
|Nintalp'''os'''
|Nintalp'''os'''
နိန်တလ်ပးသ်
|-
|-
|'''Ablative'''
|'''Ablative'''
| -au
| -au
-အီ
| -om
| -om
-အးမ်
|Nintalp'''au'''
|Nintalp'''au'''
နိန်တလ်ပီ
|Nintalp'''om'''
|Nintalp'''om'''
နိန်တလ်ပးမ်
|-
|-
|'''Locative'''
|'''Locative'''
| -i
| -i
-အိ
| -evya
| -evya
-အဲဘျ
|Nintalp'''i'''
|Nintalp'''i'''
နိန်တလ်ပိ
|Nintalp'''evya'''
|Nintalp'''evya'''
နိန်တလ်ပဲဘျ
|-
|-
|'''Instrumental'''
|'''Instrumental'''
| -aun
| -aun
-အီန်
| -aus
| -aus
-အီသ်
|Nintalp'''aun'''
|Nintalp'''aun'''
နိန်တလ်ပီန်
|Nintalp'''aus'''
|Nintalp'''aus'''
နိန်တလ်ပီသ်
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Mitaveş (Consonant stems) Example: Dazkhät ဒဓ်ခႄတ် "Cotton"
|+Mitaveş (Consonant stems) Example: Dazkhät "Cotton"
! rowspan="2" |Case
! rowspan="2" |Case
! colspan="2" |Layout
! colspan="2" |Layout
Line 552: Line 488:
| -X
| -X
| -es
| -es
-အဲသ်
|Dazkhät
|Dazkhät
ဒဓ်ခႄတ်
|Dazkhät'''es'''
|Dazkhät'''es'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတဲသ်
|-
|-
|'''Ergative'''
|'''Ergative'''
| -ne
| -ne
-နဲ
| -nes
| -nes
-နဲသ်
|Dazkhät'''ne'''
|Dazkhät'''ne'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတ်နဲ
|Dazkhät'''nes'''
|Dazkhät'''nes'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတ်နဲသ်
|-
|-
|'''Accusative'''
|'''Accusative'''
| -em
| -em
-အဲမ်
| -ya
| -ya
-ယ
|Dazkhät'''em'''
|Dazkhät'''em'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတဲမ်
|Dazkhät'''ya'''
|Dazkhät'''ya'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတ်ယ
|-
|-
|'''Genitive'''
|'''Genitive'''
| -ae
| -ae
-အယ်
| -yum
| -yum
-ယုမ်
|Dazkhät'''ae'''
|Dazkhät'''ae'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတယ်
|Dazkhät'''yum'''
|Dazkhät'''yum'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတ်ယုမ်
|-
|-
|'''Dative'''
|'''Dative'''
| -ye
| -ye
-ယဲ
| -we
| -we
-ဝဲ
|Dazkhät'''ye'''
|Dazkhät'''ye'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတ်ယဲ
|Dazkhät'''we'''
|Dazkhät'''we'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတ်ဝဲ
|-
|-
|'''Ablative'''
|'''Ablative'''
| -i
| -i
-အိ
| -u
| -u
-အု
|Dazkhät'''i'''
|Dazkhät'''i'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတိ
|Dazkhät'''u'''
|Dazkhät'''u'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတု
|-
|-
|'''Locative'''
|'''Locative'''
| -e
| -e
-အဲ
| -o
| -o
-အး
|Dazkhät'''e'''
|Dazkhät'''e'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတဲ
|Dazkhät'''o'''
|Dazkhät'''o'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတး
|-
|-
|'''Instrumental'''
|'''Instrumental'''
| -ai
| -ai
-အေ
| -au
| -au
-အီ
|Dazkhät'''ai'''
|Dazkhät'''ai'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတေ
|Dazkhät'''au'''
|Dazkhät'''au'''
ဒဓ်ခႄတီ
|}
|}


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