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Aryan: Difference between revisions
→Pronouns [...]
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! rowspan="3" | | ! rowspan="3" | | ||
! colspan="12" | PRONOUN DECLENSION | ! colspan="12" | PERSONAL PRONOUN DECLENSION | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" | Singular | ! colspan="3" | Singular | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="4" | REFLEXIVE PRONOUN DECLENSION | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Dual | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| *tsū́r || *ūi̯ū́r || ū́rs || *ū́ra | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| *su̯h<sub>0</sub> || *ru<sub>0</sub> || *u̯rsh<sub>0</sub> || *u̯rah<sub>0</sub> | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| *su̯i̯a || *rui̯a || *u̯rsi̯a || *u̯rai̯a | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| *su̯i || *rui || *u̯rsi || *u̯rai | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| *su̯ai̯ || *ruai̯ || *u̯rsai̯ || *u̯raai̯ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
*The reflexive pronoun ''*tsū́r'' derives from an older ''*ū́tsar'' (equivalent to Aryan ''*aítsar'' "this/that one", PIE ''*h<sub>1</sub>íteros'' "(an)other"), itself a borrowing from Diluvian ''aocar'', whose <*ū́> portion is visible in other borrowing into Aryan (i.e. the second-person singular ''*tū́''). | |||
**In PIE, it was reanalyzed as its accusative form (i.e.''*su̯h<sub>0</sub>'' "themselves"), thus degrading the dual, plural, and collective inflections. | |||
*The particle <''*m''> gains the property of the serial particle <''*s''> when the latter conflates with the absolute particle ''*ts'' (this contamination was likely encouraged due the presence of ''*m'' in the accusative). Later in PIE, singular forms too would become contaminated (e.g. ''*íai̯'' "to him" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*āi̯'' "to him" ⇒ ''*h<sub>1</sub>esmōy'' "to him"). | *The particle <''*m''> gains the property of the serial particle <''*s''> when the latter conflates with the absolute particle ''*ts'' (this contamination was likely encouraged due the presence of ''*m'' in the accusative). Later in PIE, singular forms too would become contaminated (e.g. ''*íai̯'' "to him" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*āi̯'' "to him" ⇒ ''*h<sub>1</sub>esmōy'' "to him"). | ||
**Vide the genitive plural of the third-person: | **Vide the genitive plural of the third-person: | ||