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Proto-Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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At this point, the language now used prepositions more than postpositions, which triggered a massive change in the syntax to become head-initial. | At this point, the language now used prepositions more than postpositions, which triggered a massive change in the syntax to become head-initial. | ||
Eventually, the prepositions fused to the noun as prefixes. The ergative postposition /ga/ fused to the noun as a suffix. If the noun ended in a vowel, an epenthetic /u/ was inserted e.g. /bukː/ - book, absolutive -> /bukkuga/ - book, ergative. If the noun ended in a palatalised consonant, an epenthetic /i/ was inserted instead e.g. / | Eventually, the prepositions fused to the noun as prefixes. The ergative postposition /ga/ fused to the noun as a suffix. If the noun ended in a vowel, an epenthetic /u/ was inserted e.g. /bukː/ - book, absolutive -> /bukkuga/ - book, ergative. If the noun ended in a palatalised consonant, an epenthetic /i/ was inserted instead e.g. /tẽc/ - weather, absolutive -> /tẽciga/. And if the noun ended in /t/ or /d/, /o/ was inserted instead e.g. /ʔoiʎãd/ - island, absolutive -> /ʔoiʎãdoga/ - island, ergative. | ||
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| 1PS Inclusive || ci || we || wu | | 1PS Inclusive || ci || we || wu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2PS || nʲ | | 2PS || nʲĩ || jo || ju | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3PS || zai || ze || zau | | 3PS || zai || ze || zau | ||
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Verbs were initially put into focus by suffixing them with /i/ (from Japanese emphatic particle /yo/). However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g. | Verbs were initially put into focus by suffixing them with /i/ (from Japanese emphatic particle /yo/). However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g. | ||
/ | /jĩtoɫəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb root (from English "intro") | ||
/ | /jĩtoʎəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb focus | ||
/ʔumupo/ - to sit, verb root | /ʔumupo/ - to sit, verb root | ||
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*Spanish ñ became /nʲ/ e.g. Spanish mañana - morning -> P.A. /manʲana/. | *Spanish ñ became /nʲ/ e.g. Spanish mañana - morning -> P.A. /manʲana/. | ||
*Obstruents immediately after a stressed vowel were geminated where possible e.g. Spanish cabeza - head -> P.A. /kabesːa/. | *Obstruents immediately after a stressed vowel were geminated where possible e.g. Spanish cabeza - head -> P.A. /kabesːa/. | ||
*If Spanish r is not before a vowel, it is deleted with lengthening of the preceding vowel e.g. Spanish pensar - to think -> P.A. / | *If Spanish r is not before a vowel, it is deleted with lengthening of the preceding vowel e.g. Spanish pensar - to think -> P.A. /pẽsaː/ - to be lost in deep thought. | ||
*If Spanish r is word initial, or doubled, then it changed to /z/ e.g. Spanish tierra - land -> P.A. /teza/ - landscape. | *If Spanish r is word initial, or doubled, then it changed to /z/ e.g. Spanish tierra - land -> P.A. /teza/ - landscape. | ||
*Otherwise, Spanish r merged into l. | *Otherwise, Spanish r merged into l. | ||
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*Burmese /ɔ/ centralised to schwa e.g. Burmese thittaw: - forest -> P.A. /sʲitːəːz/. | *Burmese /ɔ/ centralised to schwa e.g. Burmese thittaw: - forest -> P.A. /sʲitːəːz/. | ||
*If a Burmese minor syllable both begins with an obstruent and is followed by an obstruent, the vowel in the minor syllable is deleted (as long as it would not violate Proto-Antarctican phonotactics), causing a consonant cluster e.g. Burmese thei na pati. - general -> P.A. /seinaptʲiːt/ | *If a Burmese minor syllable both begins with an obstruent and is followed by an obstruent, the vowel in the minor syllable is deleted (as long as it would not violate Proto-Antarctican phonotactics), causing a consonant cluster e.g. Burmese thei na pati. - general -> P.A. /seinaptʲiːt/ | ||
*Burmese initial aspirated consonants become clusters of consonant + /x/ if non-palatalised e.g. Burmese hpoun - dust -> P.A. /pxoː | *Burmese initial aspirated consonants become clusters of consonant + /x/ if non-palatalised e.g. Burmese hpoun - dust -> P.A. /pxoːũ/, Burmese hsabin - hair (of the human head) -> P.A. /sxabʲĩ/. If they are palatalised, they become clusters with /ç/ instead e.g. Burmese hpyaun - straight -> P.A. /pʲçãːu/, Burmese yanhpyit - to fight -> P.A. /jãpʲçitː/ - battle. | ||
*Burmese /l/ becomes /ɫ/, unless before /i/ or /j/, when it becomes /ʎ/. | *Burmese /l/ becomes /ɫ/, unless before /i/ or /j/, when it becomes /ʎ/. | ||
*The alveo-palatal series of consonants become palatal e.g. Burmese yaukkya - man -> P.A. /jaucaː/ (remember Proto-Antarctican does not like geminated consonants after diphthongs). | *The alveo-palatal series of consonants become palatal e.g. Burmese yaukkya - man -> P.A. /jaucaː/ (remember Proto-Antarctican does not like geminated consonants after diphthongs). | ||
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*Similarly, the glottal stop put tense voice on the vowel and raised the pitch e.g. /webːoʔ/ (the final /s/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) - eggs -> /webːóʔ/. | *Similarly, the glottal stop put tense voice on the vowel and raised the pitch e.g. /webːoʔ/ (the final /s/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) - eggs -> /webːóʔ/. | ||
*In some cases, this tense voice spread through consonants and affect multiple vowels. Consonants that permitted this spreading were voiced sonorants and voiceless stops (other than the glottal stop) e.g. /ʔameɫaiʔ/ - hunt (the final /k/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) -> /ʔáméɫáiʔ/. | *In some cases, this tense voice spread through consonants and affect multiple vowels. Consonants that permitted this spreading were voiced sonorants and voiceless stops (other than the glottal stop) e.g. /ʔameɫaiʔ/ - hunt (the final /k/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) -> /ʔáméɫáiʔ/. | ||
*If the tense voice would "spread" through an initial consonant, then that word acquired floating phonation e.g. / | *If the tense voice would "spread" through an initial consonant, then that word acquired floating phonation e.g. /tẽʔ/ - weather (the final /c/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) -> /'té~ʔ/. | ||
*Word initial clusters beginning with glottal stops also created floating phonation e.g. /'ʔcidáʔ/ - drawers (from /çcidasʲ/). | *Word initial clusters beginning with glottal stops also created floating phonation e.g. /'ʔcidáʔ/ - drawers (from /çcidasʲ/). | ||
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| Spanish || cabeza || head || kabesːa || kapɛsa || head | | Spanish || cabeza || head || kabesːa || kapɛsa || head | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Spanish || pensar || to think || | | Spanish || pensar || to think || pẽsaː || pɘɴsaː || lost in deep thought | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Spanish || tierra || land || teza || teza || landscape | | Spanish || tierra || land || teza || teza || landscape | ||
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| Burmese || tei na pati. || general || seinaptʲiːt || sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ || general | | Burmese || tei na pati. || general || seinaptʲiːt || sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ || general | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Burmese || hpoun || dust || pxoː | | Burmese || hpoun || dust || pxoːũ || pɛχoːuɴ || dust | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Burmese || hsabin || hair (on the head) || sxabʲ | || Burmese || hsabin || hair (on the head) || sxabʲĩ || saxabʲiɴ || hair (on the head) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Burmese || hypaun || straight || pʲçãːu || pʲɘçaːuɴ || straight | | Burmese || hypaun || straight || pʲçãːu || pʲɘçaːuɴ || straight | ||