Brooding: Difference between revisions

languages where a single word translates as “I went down to the stream to catch a fish and cook it for dinner”. The other end is languages where grammar is based on word order with lots of little words - Chinese is much like this. Most languages are in between (English is more isolating than Spanish, Latin is more synthetic than Spanish, etc). Brooding falls in the middle with some of the core grammar built into words, but in other places, word order is important.

The basic order of a Brooding sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. This means that the subject comes before the verb, and if there is an object it follows the verb. This is like English. This order is somewhat variable due to things like adding words, artistic license, etc. The one thing that is invariable is that the verb is always the second constituent in the sentence. If you were to add something to the beginning of the sentence (an adverbial phrase, starting off with saying something like “So...” or “Meanwhile”, etc.), that phrase would take the first place in the sentence. The next phrase has to be the verb phrase, and the subject moves to after the verb. Any object will be after the subject. Languages with this structure are known as V2 languages.  

(Note, a ‘constituent’ can be a single word or a phrase. ‘I’ in “I love you” is one constituent. In the sentence ‘The man down the road loves you’, the whole phrase ‘The man down the road’ is one constituent.)

| '''br''' || /bɹ/ || as in ‘bread’

| '''pl''' || /pl/  || as in ‘plea’

| '''dr''' || /dɹ/ || as in ‘drum’

| '''gr''' || /gɹ/ || as in ‘grow’

| '''kl''' || /kl/ || as ''cl'' in ‘clean’

| '''fl''' || /fl/ || as in ‘flee’

| '''thl''' || /θl/ || not an English sound. It sounds a lot like ''sl'' as said with a lisp.

| '''sl''' || /sl/ || as in ‘sleep’

| '''shl''' || /ʃl/ || as ''schl'' in ‘schlep’

| '''sk''' || /sk/ || as in ‘skill’

| '''sp''' || /sp/ || as in ‘spill’

| '''st''' || /st/ || as in ‘still’

| '''ee''' || /i/ || as ''ee'' in ‘bee’

| '''i''' || /ɪ/ || as ''i'' in ‘bit’

| '''ae''' || /e/ || as ''ay'' in ‘bay’

| '''e''' || /ɛ/ || as ''e'' in ‘bet’

| '''aa''' || /æ/ || as ''a'' in ‘bat’

| '''a''' || /ɑ/ || as ''a'' in ‘father’

| '''uh''' || /ʌ/ || as ''u'' in ‘but’

| '''aw''' || /ɔ/ || as ''ou'' in ‘bought’

| '''o''' || /o/ || as ''oa'' in ‘boat’

| '''oo''' || /u/ || as ''oo'' in ‘boot’

| '''ai''' || /aɪ̯/ || as ''i'' in ‘bite’

| '''au''' || /aʊ̯/ || as ''ow'' in ‘cow’

Propositional phrases (i.e. “On the water”, “with a duck”, etc.) can be appended to modify a noun. See the Prepositional Phrases section.

A relative clause is a short clause that describes the noun. In “The tree that burns”, the relative clause is “that burns”. A relative clause is like a mini-sentence embedded after the noun. In our example, you could visualize it as “The tree (it burns)”. In English, we add “that” on the beginning and remove the pronoun that refers to the noun. The noun is called the ‘head’ and “that” is called the relativizer. The head noun might be the subject or the object of the clause. If I say “The tree that burns”, the tree is the thing burning - it’s the subject of the burning. However, I can say “The tree that I burn”. In that case, the tree is the object, the thing being burned.

So let’s take the above example. If I say “The tree that burns down”, the head is “tree”, and the relative clause is “that burns down”, that you can look at as “The tree (it burns down)”. In that clause, the tree is the subject (it is what is burning). So it’s the subject of the relative clause. When you write the clause, you use the relativizer ''ai'':

If I say “The tree that I burn”, the head is the same (tree), but the tree is now the object, the thing being burned. In this case, the relativizer is ''au'' instead of ''ai'':

Note that Brooding has no distinct words for articles (i.e. “the”, “a/an”). Rather, when “the” would be used in English, a Brooding speaker would use a demonstrative instead. There is no equivalent to “a/an”.

A noun clause is a clause that, instead of modifying a noun, replaces a noun in a sentence. English has a few versions of a noun clause. For example, in “He saw that I hit him”, “that I hit him” is a noun clause. It is the action “I hit him” that is being seen. In this case, it is the object of the sentence. English sometimes drops the “that” (e.g. “He saw I hit him”), but it still remains as a replacement for a noun.

The other English variation is to use an infinitive verb in places of a noun: “I want to hit him.” This is equivalent to “I want that I hit him”. Once again, “I hit him” is the object of the noun.  

To ‘verb’ a noun, that is to make a verb that means to use the noun or engage with the noun in a typical way (i.e. ‘google’ as a verb), compound the noun with the verb ''osen''.

Several of the pronouns have an alternate ‘clique’ version. These are for referring to people who are part of your clan, group or ‘side’ to things.

They begin with a preposition followed by a noun phrase (see Nouns, Word Order for what can be in a noun phrase). Note that a prepositional phrase can have a noun phrase in it that itself has a prepositional phrase. The noun in the noun phrase has the subject case, though it can be any of the three numbers a noun can be.

| '''''awzra'''''|| outside of

| '''''awchee'''''|| between

| '''''koma'''''|| above

| '''''yeema'''''|| below

| '''''cheema'''''|| near

| '''''staima'''''|| behind

| '''''tima'''''|| touching

| '''''aa'''''|| to

| '''''awyaa'''''|| into

| '''''aayuhnee'''''|| away from

| '''''aazraw'''''|| out of

| '''''aati'''''|| by way of

| '''''aatima'''''|| along

| '''''aataw'''''|| through

| '''''chee'''''|| with

| '''''skau'''''|| for, for the benefit of

| '''''zrachee'''''|| without, lacking

| '''''tichee''''' || using, by means of

| '''''ese''''' || made of, comprised of

choice”, “friend of mine”, and “man of wealth and taste”.

or “band of thieves”, the Brooding speaker would use ''ese''.

In indicating origin as in “Robin of Lockley”, a Brooding speaker would use ''se''.

inside”. Brooding uses different terms for these two usages.

In situations involving motion, and the subject going somewhere, such as “going to the store”, Brooding uses the

For example “I hit the ball to her”, pa is used to translate “to”. In English this is often referred to as the indirect

In determining which preposition to use in place of “for”, the key difference is whether the meaning noun in the

phrase is a benefactor or just a recipient. For example, in “I made a cake for you”, “you” benefits from it, so ''skau''

In the case of a phrase like “I have a letter for you”, “you” is the recipient, and ''pa'' would be used.

In something like “for example”, you’d use an adverbial phrase (see Adverbs) with ''otlai'' to something like “in the

manner of an example”.

In Brooding, location would use ''cheema'' to mean “near” instead. To describe means, as in “by hook or by crook”,

sentence is combined with the verb. For example, instead of saying “He hits the cow”, the object incorporated

version of the sentence would be “He cow-hits”.

In English, we can de-emphasize the object (or omit it entirely) through the use of a passive voice, such as “The cow is seen”. If the subject is mentioned at all, it is in a prepositional phrase: “The cow was seen by me.”

Possessive predicates indicate possession of something. In English, this is its own verb “to have”. Brooding uses a

Those times when an adverb would indicate time (“tomorrow”, “ a long time ago”, etc), the preposition ''tootlende'' is used. Example: ''tootlende hlaud'' (literally “during now”)

like “and”, “and not”, “but”. Brooding has similar words, but there are some distinctions that Brooding has that

happen in order but are connected, such as “I asked and he answered”. This is different than when they

case. ''daebuh'' means they are simultaneous, while ''shenga'' is more equivalent to “and then”. Note that