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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
→Numbers
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| fem. || þrījas || þrǣža || þrǣm || þrījas | | fem. || þrījas || þrǣža || þrǣm || þrījas | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |||
===Undeclinable Numerals=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! # !! 1# !! #0 !! #00 !! #000 !! #000 | |||
|- | |||
| 0 || (nǣns) || tǣjun, tēn || ''-tiǧis'' || ''tēhund'' || ''þūsunǧa'' || ''-ljǭn'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1 || (ǣns) || ǣnlif || ''tǣjun'' || ǣn hund || ǣna þūsunǧa || miljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 2 || (twǣ) || twalif || twǣtiǧis || twā hunda || tōs þūsunǧis || biljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 3 || (þrīs) || þrījatǣn || þrīstiǧis || þrī hunda || þrī þūsunǧis || þriljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 4 || fiður, fiðra || fiðratǣn || fiðratiǧis || fiður hunda || fiður þūsunǧis || friljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 5 || fim || fimtǣn || fimtiǧis || fim hunda || fim þūsunǧis || fimfiljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 6 || sǣs || sǣstǣn || sǣstiǧis || sǣs hunda || sǣs þūsunǧis || sǣsiljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 7 || sivun, sivna || sivnatǣn || sivnatiǧis || sivun hunda || sivun þūsunǧis || sivniljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 8 || āta || ātatǣn || ātatiǧis || āta hunda || āta þūsunǧis || ātatiljǭn | |||
|- | |||
| 9 || njun || njuntǣn || njuntiǧis || njun hunda || njun þūsunǧis || njuniljǭn | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
The numbers in Gutish – as in most languages – have gone through more phonological change than other words, and as a result, there are some irregularities. Four numbers have two forms (some of which may be optional). There is also an innovated trial distributive (‘all three’), probably by assimilation from the dual (‘both’). The number ‘one’, usually alternating with the indefinite article in most languages, is used merely for counting purposes, as an indefinite article is not used in Gutish. | |||
The number ‘four’ is ''fiður'', where we would normally expect **''fidur'' through regular sound change (specifically, the change of /d/ to /ð/ would normally be blocked by the following /w/ in ''fidwōr''). There is also a further lenited form of ''fiðra'', which is optional when it stands alone, but required in compounds. (Gothic also had two versions of ‘four’: ''fidwōr'' and a compound form ''fidur''.) | |||
The number ‘seven’ has the expected form of ''sivun'', but also a lenited form of ''sivna'', again, required in compounds but otherwise optional. ‘Eight’ is ''āta'', but may optionally be lenited to ''āt''. (This is a newer innovation, and is not considered to be correct in writing.) Finally ‘ten’ is ''tǣjun'' or lenited ''tǣn'', the latter being used exclusively in the “teen” numbers, the former being preferred elsewhere, though still optional. | |||
Number terms higher than ‘thousand’ are ostensibly borrowed from Latin, though they contain their own Germanic innovations, e.g. ''þriljǭn'' ‘trillion’, ''fiðriljǭn'' ‘quadrillion’, ''fimfiljǭn'' ‘quintillion’, instead of the expected **''triljǭn'', **''kwaðriljǭn'', and **''kwintiljǭn''. | |||
Another note concerning the higher numbers: Gutish follows the short scale for higher numbers (whereas most European countries currently use the long scale); that is, each new number term is one thousand times larger than the previous term (whereas in the long scale, each new term is one million times larger). This is further confused by the now-standard European “hybrid” model where intermediate terms in the long scale are applied to the “thousands” with the suffix ‘-ard’. The following table is applicable to most modern standards: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! N⁰ !! Numerals !! Gutish !! Short !! Hybrid !! Long !! Metric | |||
|- | |||
| 10³ || 1,000 || þūsunǧa || thousand || thousand || thousand || k''ilo'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10⁶ || 1,000,000 || miljǭn || million || million || million || M''ega'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10⁹ || 1,000,000,000 || biljǭn || billion || milliard || thousand million || G''iga'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10¹² || 1,000,000,000,000 || þriljǭn || trillion || billion || billion || T''era'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10¹⁵ || 1,000,000,000,000,000 || fiðriljǭn || quadrillion || billiard || thousand billion || P''eta'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10¹⁸ || 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 || fimfiljǭn || quintillion || trillion || trillion || E''xa'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10²¹ || 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 || sǣsiljǭn || sextillion || trilliard || thousand trillion || Z''etta'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10²⁴ || 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 || sivniljǭn || septillion || quadrillion || quadrillion || Y''otta'' | |||
|- | |||
| 10²⁷ || 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 || ātatiljǭn || octillion || quadrilliard || thousand quadrillion || - | |||
|- | |||
| 10³⁰ || 1,000 || njuniljǭn || nonillion || quintillion || quintillion || - | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||