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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
→Numerals - Mālūye
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! Digit !! Cardinal !! Ordinal !! Collective !! Distributive !! Adv./Multiplicative !! Fractionary | ! Digit !! Cardinal !! Ordinal !! Collective !! Distributive !! Adv./Multiplicative !! Fractionary | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 0 || '''ajrā''' || <small>''(ajrāyendes)''</small> || <small>''(ajrājes)''</small> || <small>''( | | 0 || '''ajrā''' || <small>''(ajrāyendes)''</small> || <small>''(ajrājes)''</small> || <small>''(ajrehaicė)''</small> || <small>''(lājrā)''</small> || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || '''leil'''<br/>leilum<br/>leila || lahīlas || leilajāsis || | | 1 || '''leil'''<br/>leilum<br/>leila || lahīlas || leilajāsis || leiluhaicė || leilahæl / lāleil<br/><small>(lāleilum, lāleila)</small> || lahīlvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || '''dani'''<br/>danīm<br/>danīh || hælinaikas || daniajāsis || | | 2 || '''dani'''<br/>danīm<br/>danīh || hælinaikas || daniajāsis || danihaicė || danihæl / lādani<br/><small>(lādanīm, lādanīh)</small> || hælinaivāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 || '''tarvas'''<br/>tarvam<br/>tarvė || tarvendes || tarvajāsis || | | 3 || '''tarvas'''<br/>tarvam<br/>tarvė || tarvendes || tarvajāsis || tarvihaicė || tarvahæl / lātarvas<br/><small>(lātarvam, lātarvė)</small> || tarvendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 || '''nahė''' || nahėbindes || nahėñjāsis || | | 4 || '''nahė''' || nahėbindes || nahėñjāsis || nahėbihaicė || nahėbihæl / lānahė || nahėbindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || '''švā''' || švājindes || švāyajāsis || | | 5 || '''švā''' || švājindes || švāyajāsis || švehaicė || lāšvā || švajindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 || '''tulūʔa''' || tulūʔendes || tulūʔajāsis || | | 6 || '''tulūʔa''' || tulūʔendes || tulūʔajāsis || tulūʔihaicė || lātulūʔa || tulūʔendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 7 || '''chīka''' || chīkendes || chīkajāsis || | | 7 || '''chīka''' || chīkendes || chīkajāsis || chīcihaicė || lāchīka || chīkendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 || '''teitė''' || teitendes || teitajāsis || | | 8 || '''teitė''' || teitendes || teitajāsis || teitehaicė || lāteitė || teitendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 || '''moja''' || mojendes || mojajāsis || | | 9 || '''moja''' || mojendes || mojajāsis || mojihaicė || lāmoja || mojendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 10 || '''naʔikām''' || naʔikāmindes || naʔikāñjes || | | 10 || '''naʔikām''' || naʔikāmindes || naʔikāñjes || naʔikāhaicė || lānaʔikām || naʔikāmindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 11 || '''lelišvatī''' || lelišvatīlindes || lelišvatījes || | | 11 || '''lelišvatī''' || lelišvatīlindes || lelišvatījes || lelišvatīhaicė || lālelišvatī || lelišvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 12 || '''danešvatī''' || danešvatīlindes || danešvatījes || | | 12 || '''danešvatī''' || danešvatīlindes || danešvatījes || danešvatīhaicė || lādanešvatī || danešvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 13 || '''tarošvati''' || tarošvatīlindes || tarošvatījes || | | 13 || '''tarošvati''' || tarošvatīlindes || tarošvatījes || tarošvatīhaicė || lātarošvatī || tarošvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 14 || '''nahėšvatī''' || nahėšvatīlindes || nahėšvatījes || | | 14 || '''nahėšvatī''' || nahėšvatīlindes || nahėšvatījes || nahėšvatīhaicė || lānahėšvatī || nahėšvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 15 || '''švāmašvatī''' || švāmašvatīlindes || švāmašvatījes || | | 15 || '''švāmašvatī''' || švāmašvatīlindes || švāmašvatījes || švāmašvatīhaicė || lāšvāmašvatī || švāmašvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 16 || '''tulūšvatī''' || tulūšvatīlindes || tulūšvatījes || | | 16 || '''tulūšvatī''' || tulūšvatīlindes || tulūšvatījes || tulūšvatīhaicė || lātulūšvatī || tulūšvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 17 || '''chīcæšvatī''' || chīcæšvatīlindes || chīcæšvatījes || | | 17 || '''chīcæšvatī''' || chīcæšvatīlindes || chīcæšvatījes || chīcæšvatīhaicė || lāchīcæšvatī || chīcæšvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 18 || '''teitašvatī''' || teitašvatīlindes || teitašvatījes || | | 18 || '''teitašvatī''' || teitašvatīlindes || teitašvatījes || teitašvatīhaicė || lāteitašvatī || teitašvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 19 || '''moješvatī''' || moješvatīlindes || moješvatījes || | | 19 || '''moješvatī''' || moješvatīlindes || moješvatījes || moješvatīhaicė || lāmoješvatī || moješvatīlindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 20 || '''ekāma''' || ekāmendes || ekāmajāsis || | | 20 || '''ekāma''' || ekāmendes || ekāmajāsis || ekāṃhaicė || laikāma || ekāmendvāṭ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* If emphasis is given to the number, then the counted thing comes first, and, if it should be in direct, ergative, or accusative case, it is in '''genitive singular''' instead; the semantic direct, ergative, or accusative case is taken by the numeral itself if it is one, two, three, or compounds. Examples: ''yujami leilum'' (one lotus flower), ''māri danīh'' (two mango fruits), ''halenies tarvas'' (three names), ''ñaiṭi lelišvatī'' (eleven stars). In other cases, the noun follows the semantic case (but is always singular anyway), e.g. ''marti tarvė'' (three cities) but ''marte tarviyė'' (in the three cities).<br/>This form is increasingly less common in everyday use. | * If emphasis is given to the number, then the counted thing comes first, and, if it should be in direct, ergative, or accusative case, it is in '''genitive singular''' instead; the semantic direct, ergative, or accusative case is taken by the numeral itself if it is one, two, three, or compounds. Examples: ''yujami leilum'' (one lotus flower), ''māri danīh'' (two mango fruits), ''halenies tarvas'' (three names), ''ñaiṭi lelišvatī'' (eleven stars). In other cases, the noun follows the semantic case (but is always singular anyway), e.g. ''marti tarvė'' (three cities) but ''marte tarviyė'' (in the three cities).<br/>This form is increasingly less common in everyday use. | ||
* "Two" may be used with either singular or dual number: ''danīh māra'' or ''māri danīh'' are both as correct as ''danīh māradi'' and ''māradais danīh'' - note that the dual number alone, without the numeral, has the same meaning. Outside of literary texts, it is however more common to specify "two" with the numeral. | * "Two" may be used with either singular or dual number: ''danīh māra'' or ''māri danīh'' are both as correct as ''danīh māradi'' and ''māradais danīh'' - note that the dual number alone, without the numeral, has the same meaning. Outside of literary texts, it is however more common to specify "two" with the numeral. | ||
Ordinals, collectives, and multiplicatives are simply used as declinable adjectives, but collectives and multiplicatives are always singular (optionally dual for ''daniajāsis'' and ''lādani''). e.g. ''hælinaikah kita'' "second house", ''teitajāsim lejīn'' "all eight singers", ''lātarvas yąloe'' "triple meal/a meal three times as large". Bare multiplicatives may carry either the meaning of "repeated X times" or "X times as large", but the latter is most commonly specified with a comparison (''en'') or by context. | |||
Distributives are indeclinable adjectives, and have the meaning of "X each": ''tarvihaicė titė męlyąt'' "three pens each are given"; ''lili liliā ñæltah no tulūʔihaicė kolecañi alau ulgutamiaça'' "my sister and I have bought six bottles of kvas each" — note in both sentences the use of singular number in ''titė'' (pencil) and ''alūs'' (gen. ''alau'') "bottle". | |||
Fractionary numerals are always used in the noun.<small>GEN</small> numeral construction, and they are invariable in direct, vocative, accusative, and ergative case but decline with ''-vaḍa'' in all of the others (in fact, etymologically they derive from worn down forms of ordinal + ''vaḍa'', meaning Xth part, e.g. ''hælinaikah vaḍa'' (the second part) → ''hælinaivāṭ''). Unlike ordinals, the noun is always in the genitive case. Examples: ''marti hælinaivāṭ'' "half of the city" ; ''alāvi nahėbindvāṭ'' "one fourth of the bottle" ; ''bhæli tulūʔendvaḍe'' "in one sixth of the country". | |||
==Particles== | ==Particles== | ||