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===Clitics=== | ===Clitics=== | ||
Clitics are short words beginning with a consonant and containing secondary vowels which | Clitics are short words beginning with a consonant and containing secondary vowels which contribute grammatical information in a sentence. They have no effect on the stress pattern within the word to which they are attached and they themselves may be stressed or unstressed depending on emphasis. | ||
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! Clitic !! Gloss !! Use !! Counterpart | ! Clitic !! Gloss !! Use !! Counterpart | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''hua=''' || Q= || question clitic, turns the | | '''hua=''' || Q= || question clitic, turns the word it is attached to into a yes/no question || '''''hua=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''loe=''' || NEG= || negative clitic, | | '''leo=''' || NEG= || negative clitic, "not", negates the word it is attached to || '''''gui=''''' | ||
|- | |||
| '''gui=''' || AFF= || affirmative clitic, "indeed", emphatically affirms the word it is attached to || '''''loe=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''heo=''' || NEG.Q= || negative question clitic, "not?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected negative answer || '''''gui=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''hui=''' || AFF.Q= || affirmative question clitic, "indeed?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected affirmative answer || '''''loe=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''toe=''' || FOC= || focus clitic, indicates what it precedes is the focus of the sentence, the new information that is being claimed || '''''nau=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''nau=''' || TOP= || topic clitic, indicates what it precedes is the topic of the sentence, known information about which something is claimed in the focus || '''''toe=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''sau=''' || or= || inclusive disjunctive clitic, "or", "and/or", indicates an alternative which is not exclusive || '''''sau=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''tau=''' || XOR= || exclusive disjunctive clitic, "or" "or ... but not both", indicates an exclusive alternative || '''tau=''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''tia=''' || although= || causal adversative clitic, "although", "even though", indicates the context under which some other fact is unexpected or contrastive || '''''jeo=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''jeo=''' || but= || effective adversative clitic, "but", "however", "nevertheless", indicates something surprising given another fact or situation || '''''tia=''''' | |||
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| '''vui=''' || and= || simultaneous conjunctive clitic, "and", indicates a simultaneous addition || '''''vui=''''' | |||
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| '''nua=''' || first= || initial conjunctive clitic, "first", "initially", indicates what follows happens first in a sequence || '''sua=''' | |||
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| '''sua=''' || subsequently= || subsequent conjunctive clitic, "then", "subsequently", indicates an addition that follows in time || '''''vui=''''' | |||
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| '''jau=''' || while= || simultaneous temporal clitic, "while", indicates that what follows is the temporal context for another event or situation || '''''toe=''''' (/ '''''nau=''''') | |||
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