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Letaale: Difference between revisions
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→Clitics
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! Clitic !! Gloss !! Use !! Counterpart | ! Clitic !! Gloss !! Use !! Counterpart | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''hua=''' || Q= || question clitic, turns the word it is attached to into a yes/no question || '''''hua=''''' | | '''hua=''' || <small>Q</small>= || question clitic, turns the word it is attached to into a yes/no question || '''''hua=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''leo=''' || NEG= || negative clitic, "not", negates the word it is attached to || '''''gui=''''' | | '''leo=''' || <small>NEG</small>= || negative clitic, "not", negates the word it is attached to || '''''gui=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''gui=''' || AFF= || affirmative clitic, "indeed", emphatically affirms the word it is attached to || '''''loe=''''' | | '''gui=''' || <small>AFF</small>= || affirmative clitic, "indeed", emphatically affirms the word it is attached to || '''''loe=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''heo=''' || NEG.Q= || negative question clitic, "not?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected negative answer || ''''' | | '''heo=''' || <small>NEG</small>.<small>Q</small>= || negative question clitic, "not?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected negative answer || '''''hui=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''hui=''' || AFF.Q= || affirmative question clitic, "indeed?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected affirmative answer || ''''' | | '''hui=''' || <small>AFF</small>.<small>Q</small>= || affirmative question clitic, "indeed?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected affirmative answer || '''''hoe=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''tui=''' || <small>FOC</small>= || focus clitic, indicates what it precedes is the focus of the sentence, the new information that is being claimed || '''''nau=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''nau=''' || TOP= || topic clitic, indicates what it precedes is the topic of the sentence, known information about which something is claimed in the focus || ''''' | | '''nau=''' || <small>TOP</small>= || topic clitic, indicates what it precedes is the topic of the sentence, known information about which something is claimed in the focus || '''''tui=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''sau=''' || or= || inclusive disjunctive clitic, "or", "and/or", indicates an alternative which is not exclusive || '''''sau=''''' | | '''sau=''' || or= || inclusive disjunctive clitic, "or", "and/or", indicates an alternative which is not exclusive || '''''sau=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''tau=''' || XOR= || exclusive disjunctive clitic, "or" "or ... but not both", indicates an exclusive alternative || '''tau=''' | | '''tau=''' || <small>XOR</small>= || exclusive disjunctive clitic, "or" "or ... but not both", indicates an exclusive alternative || '''tau=''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''tia=''' || although= || causal adversative clitic, "although", "even though", indicates the context under which some other fact is unexpected or contrastive || '''''jeo=''''' | | '''tia=''' || although= || causal adversative clitic, "although", "even though", indicates the context under which some other fact is unexpected or contrastive || '''''jeo=''''' | ||
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| '''sua=''' || subsequently= || subsequent conjunctive clitic, "then", "subsequently", indicates an addition that follows in time || '''''vui=''''' | | '''sua=''' || subsequently= || subsequent conjunctive clitic, "then", "subsequently", indicates an addition that follows in time || '''''vui=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''kua=''' || when= || simultaneous punctual temporal clitic, "when", indicates that another event or situation occurs at the same time as what follows '''kua=''' || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''kua=''''' / '''''jau=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | '''jau=''' || while= || simultaneous continuous temporal clitic, "while", indicates that what follows is the temporal context for for another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''kua=''''' / '''''jau=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | '''mua=''' || before= || antetemporal punctual clitic, "before", indicates that what follows comes ''after'' another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''nio=''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | '''goe=''' || until= || antetemporal continuous clitic, "until", indicates that what follows represents the end point of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' | ||
|- | |||
| '''nio=''' || after= || posttemporal punctual clitic, "after", indicates that what follows comes ''before'' another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''mua=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''joe=''' || since= || posttemporal continuous clitic, "since", "from", indicates that what follows represents the starting point of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''gua=''' || because= || specific causal clitic, "because", "since", "as", indicates that what follows is the cause of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''noe-''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''noe=''' || therefore= || specific effective clitic, "therefore", "so", indicates that what follows is the effect caused by another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''gua-''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''vue=''' || if.<small>REAL</small>= || generic/potential causal clitic, "if", indicates that what follows, ''if it does turn out to be the case'', is the cause of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''jue-''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''jue=''' || then.<small>REAL</small>= || generic/potential effective clitic, "then", indicates that what follows is the effect caused by another ''possible'' event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''vue-''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''viu=''' || if.<small>IRR</small>= || irrealis causal clitic, "if", indicates that what follows is a ''hypothetical'' event or situation that, ''if it were true'', would the cause of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''jue-''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''jue=''' || then.<small>IRR</small>= || irrealis effective clitic, "then", "would" indicates that what follows would be the effect caused by another ''hypothetical'' event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''vue-''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''gau=''' || preparatively= || telic causal clitic, indicates that what follows is done in preparation in order to achieve another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''neo-''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''neo=''' || so.that= || telic effective clitic, "so that", "in order that", indicates that what follows is the intended goal behind another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''vue-''''' | |||
|} | |} | ||