Letaale: Difference between revisions

Clitics are short words beginning with a consonant and containing secondary vowels which contribute grammatical information in a sentence. They have no effect on the stress pattern within the word to which they are attached and they themselves may be stressed or unstressed depending on emphasis.

! Clitic !! Gloss !! Use !! Counterpart

| '''hua=''' || <small>Q</small>= || question clitic, turns the word it is attached to into a yes/no question || '''''hua='''''

| '''leo=''' || <small>NEG</small>= || negative clitic, "not", negates the word it is attached to || '''''gui='''''

| '''gui=''' || <small>AFF</small>= || affirmative clitic, "indeed", emphatically affirms the word it is attached to || '''''loe='''''

| '''heo=''' || <small>NEG</small>.<small>Q</small>= || negative question clitic, "not?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected negative answer || '''''hui='''''

| '''hui=''' || <small>AFF</small>.<small>Q</small>= || affirmative question clitic, "indeed?", turns the word it is attached to into a question with an expected affirmative answer || '''''hoe='''''

| '''tui=''' || <small>FOC</small>= || focus clitic, indicates what it precedes is the focus of the sentence, the new information that is being claimed || '''''nau='''''

| '''nau=''' || <small>TOP</small>= || topic clitic, indicates what it precedes is the topic of the sentence, known information about which something is claimed in the focus || '''''tui='''''

| '''sau=''' || or= || inclusive disjunctive clitic, "or", "and/or", indicates an alternative which is not exclusive || '''''sau='''''

| '''tau=''' || <small>XOR</small>= || exclusive disjunctive clitic, "or" "or ... but not both", indicates an exclusive alternative || '''tau='''

| '''tia=''' || although= || causal adversative clitic, "although", "even though", indicates the context under which some other fact is unexpected or contrastive || '''''jeo='''''

| '''jeo=''' || but= || effective adversative clitic, "but", "however", "nevertheless", indicates something surprising given another fact or situation || '''''tia='''''

| '''vui=''' || and= || simultaneous conjunctive clitic, "and", indicates a simultaneous addition || '''''vui='''''

| '''nua=''' || first= || initial conjunctive clitic, "first", "initially", indicates what follows happens first in a sequence || '''sua='''

| '''sua=''' || subsequently= || subsequent conjunctive clitic, "then", "subsequently", indicates an addition that follows in time || '''''vui='''''

| '''kua=''' || when= || simultaneous punctual temporal clitic, "when", indicates that another event or situation occurs at the same time as what follows '''kua='''  || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''kua=''''' / '''''jau='''''

| '''jau=''' || while= || simultaneous continuous temporal clitic, "while", indicates that what follows is the temporal context for for another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''kua=''''' / '''''jau='''''

| '''mua=''' || before= || antetemporal punctual clitic, "before", indicates that what follows comes ''after'' another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''nio='''''

| '''goe=''' || until= || antetemporal continuous clitic, "until", indicates that what follows represents the end point of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau='''''

| '''nio=''' || after= || posttemporal punctual clitic, "after", indicates that what follows comes ''before'' another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''mua='''''

| '''joe=''' || since= || posttemporal continuous clitic, "since", "from", indicates that what follows represents the starting point of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau='''''

| '''gua=''' || because= || specific causal clitic, "because", "since", "as", indicates that what follows is the cause of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''noe-'''''

| '''noe=''' || therefore= || specific effective clitic, "therefore", "so", indicates that what follows is the effect caused by another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''gua-'''''

| '''vue=''' || if.<small>REAL</small>= || generic/potential causal clitic, "if", indicates that what follows, ''if it does turn out to be the case'', is the cause of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''jue-'''''

| '''jue=''' || then.<small>REAL</small>= || generic/potential effective clitic, "then", indicates that what follows is the effect caused by another ''possible'' event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''vue-'''''

| '''viu=''' || if.<small>IRR</small>= || irrealis causal clitic, "if", indicates that what follows is a ''hypothetical'' event or situation that, ''if it were true'', would the cause of another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''jue-'''''

| '''jue=''' || then.<small>IRR</small>= || irrealis effective clitic, "then", "would" indicates that what follows would be the effect caused by another ''hypothetical'' event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''vue-'''''

| '''gau=''' || preparatively= || telic causal clitic, indicates that what follows is done in preparation in order to achieve another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''neo-'''''

| '''neo=''' || so.that= || telic effective clitic, "so that", "in order that", indicates that what follows is the intended goal behind another event or situation || '''''tui=''''' / '''''nau=''''' / '''''vue-'''''