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Revision as of 17:45, 18 March 2017

300 bytes added ,  18 March 2017
→‎Past Indicative: New tables + new plural endings
(→‎Past Indicative: New tables + new plural endings)
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===Past Indicative===
===Past Indicative===
====Regular====
In the past indicative, -ah verbs are not distinguished as a conjugation, behaving instead like root verbs. -nā/nī verbs have no root extension in the singular exterior and interior, and -nā- in all other forms.<br/>
In the past indicative, -ah verbs are not distinguished as a conjugation, behaving instead like root verbs. -nā/nī verbs have no root extension in the singular exterior and interior, and -nā- in all other forms.<br/>
Ablauting verbs always have their base grade, except for inverse ablaut roots which use the reduced vowel, and plural interior forms.
Ablauting verbs always have their base grade, except for inverse ablaut roots which use the reduced vowel, and plural interior forms.
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Person !! nāmvake "to crush, press"<br/>(a-root) !! halke "to call"<br/>(athem.) !! mišake "to see"<br/>(ablaut) !! khlunāke "to search, look for"<br/>(nā/nī)
! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan =2 | a-root !! colspan =2 | Athematic !! colspan =2 | Ablaut !! colspan=2 | -nā-/-nī-
|-
|-
| 1SG || nāmv'''au''' || hal'''au''' || miš'''au''' || khlu'''vau'''
! colspan=2 | nāmvake <br/><small>"to crush, press"</small> !! colspan=2 | gṇyauke <br/><small>"to give birth; ''int.:'' to be born"</small> !! colspan=2 | mišake <br/><small>"to see"</small> !! colspan=2 | khlunāke <br/><small>"to search, look for"</small>
|-
|-
| 2SG || nāmv'''ei''' || hal'''ei''' || miš'''ei''' || khlu'''vei'''
! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small>
|-
|-
| 3SG || nāmv'''itь''' || hal'''itь''' || miš'''itь''' || khlu'''tь'''
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
| nāmv'''au''' || nāmv'''irau''' || gṇyāv'''au''' || gṇyāv'''iru''' || miš'''au''' || miš'''irau''' || khlu'''vau''' || khlu'''virau'''
|-
|-
| 1DU || nāmv'''ādram''' || hal'''ādram''' || miš'''ādram''' || khlu'''nādram'''
! 2nd
| nāmv'''ei''' || nāmv'''irei''' || gṇyāv'''ei''' || gṇyāv'''irei''' || miš'''ei''' || miš'''irei''' || khlu'''vei''' || khlu'''virei'''
|-
|-
| 2DU || nāmv'''ādras''' || hal'''ādras''' || miš'''ādras''' || khlu'''nādras'''
! 3rd
| nāmv'''itь''' || nāmv'''iritь''' || gṇyāv'''itь''' || gṇyāv'''iritь''' || miš'''itь''' || miš'''iritь''' || khlu'''tь''' || khlu'''viritь'''
|-
|-
| 3DU || nāmv'''ādru''' || hal'''ādru''' || miš'''ādru''' || khlu'''nādru'''
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
| nāmv'''ādram''' || nāmv'''eldram''' || gṇyāv'''ādram''' || gṇyāv'''eldram''' || miš'''ādram''' || miš'''eldram''' || khlu'''nādram''' || khlu'''naildram'''
|-
|-
| 1PL || nāmv'''alīmi''' || hal'''līmi''' || miš'''alīmi''' || khlu'''nālīmi'''
! 2nd
| nāmv'''ādras''' || nāmv'''eldras''' || gṇyāv'''ādras''' || gṇyāv'''eldras''' || miš'''ādras''' || miš'''eldras''' || khlu'''nādras''' || khlu'''naildras'''
|-
|-
| 2PL || nāmv'''alīši''' || hal'''līši''' || miš'''alīši''' || khlu'''nālīši'''
! 3rd
| nāmv'''ādru''' || nāmv'''eldru''' || gṇyāv'''ādru''' || gṇyāv'''eldru''' || miš'''ādru''' || miš'''eldru''' || khlu'''nādru''' || khlu'''naildru'''
|-
|-
| 3PL || nāmv'''āli''' || hal'''āli''' || miš'''āli''' || khlu'''nāli'''
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st
|}
| nāmv'''ānajam''' || nāmv'''īrajam''' || gṇyāv'''ānajam''' || gṇyāv'''īrajam''' || miš'''ānajam''' || miš'''īrajam''' || khlu'''nājam''' || khlu'''nėrajam'''
 
Interior forms:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person !! dældake "to speak"<br/>(a-root) !! gṇyauke "to be born"<br/>(athem.) !! tṛlake "to know"<br/>(ablaut) !! chleināke "to smile"<br/>(nā/nī)
|-
|-
| 1SG || dæld'''irau''' || gṇyāv'''irau''' || tṛl'''irau''' || chley'''irau'''
! 2nd
| nāmv'''ogan''' || nāmv'''iroge''' || gṇyāv'''ogan''' || gṇyāv'''iroge''' || miš'''ogan''' || miš'''iroge''' || khlu'''naugan''' || khlu'''nėroge'''
|-
|-
| 2SG || dæld'''irei''' || gṇyāv'''irei''' || tṛl'''irei''' || chley'''irei'''
! 3rd
|-
| nāmv'''āyona''' || nāmv'''īrona''' || gṇyāv'''āyona''' || gṇyāv'''īrona''' || miš'''āyona''' || miš'''īrona''' || khlu'''nāyona''' || khlu'''nėrona'''
| 3SG || dæld'''iritь''' || gṇyāv'''iritь''' || tṛl'''iritь''' || chley'''iritь'''
|-
| 1DU || dæld'''eldram''' || gṇyāv'''eldram''' || tṛl'''eldram''' || chlei'''naildram'''
|-
| 2DU || dæld'''eldras''' || gṇyāv'''eldras''' || tṛl'''eldras''' || chlei'''naildras'''
|-
| 3DU || dæld'''eldru''' || gṇyāv'''eldru''' || tṛl'''eldru''' || chlei'''naildru'''
|-
| 1PL || dæld'''ielīmi''' || gṇyāv'''yelīmi''' || tarl'''ielīmi''' || chlei'''nailīmi'''
|-
| 2PL || dæld'''ielīši''' || gṇyāv'''yelīši''' || tarl'''ielīši''' || chlei'''nailīši'''
|-
| 3PL || dæld'''irāli''' || gṇyāv'''irāli''' || tarl'''irāli''' || chlei'''nairāli'''
|}
|}


====Causative====
'''Causative'''<br/>
Causative forms use the same stems as in the present indicative.
Causative forms use the same stems as in the present indicative.
Exterior forms:
Exterior forms:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Person !! nāmvake "to make crush, press"<br/>(normal) !! mišake "to show"<br/>(ablaut) !! valde "to make open"<br/>(inverse ablaut)
! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan =2 | No ablaut !! colspan =2 | Ablaut !! colspan =2 | Inverse ablaut
|-
|-
| 1SG || nāmv'''axhlou''' || maiš'''axhlou''' || uvald'''axhlou'''
! colspan=2 | nāmvake <br/><small>"to make crush, press"</small> !! colspan=2 | mišake <br/><small>"to show; ''int.:'' learn"</small> !! colspan=2 | valde <br/><small>"to make open"</small>
|-
| 2SG || nāmv'''axhei''' || maiš'''axhei''' || uvald'''axhei'''
|-
| 3SG || nāmv'''axhitь''' || maiš'''axhitь''' || uvald'''axhitь'''
|-
| 1DU || nāmv'''axhādram''' || maiš'''axhādram''' || uvald'''axhādram'''
|-
| 2DU || nāmv'''axhādras''' || maiš'''axhādras''' || uvald'''axhādras'''
|-
| 3DU || nāmv'''axhādru''' || maiš'''axhādru''' || uvald'''axhādru'''
|-
| 1PL || nāmv'''axhalīm''' || maiš'''axhalīm''' || uvald'''axhalīm'''
|-
| 2PL || nāmv'''axhalīs''' || maiš'''axhalīs''' || uvald'''axhalīs'''
|-
| 3PL || nāmv'''axhāli''' || maiš'''axhāli''' || uvald'''axhāli'''
|}
Interior forms:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Person !! nāmvake "to make each other crush, press"<br/>(normal) !! mišake "to learn; to show each other"<br/>(ablaut) !! valde "to open; to make each other open"<br/>(inverse ablaut)
! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small>
|-
|-
| 1SG || nāmv'''irxhlou''' || maiš'''irxhlou''' || uvald'''irxhlou'''
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
| nāmv'''axhiou''' || nāmv'''irxhiou''' || maiš'''axhiou''' || maiš'''irxhiou''' || uvald'''axhiou''' || uvald'''irxhiou'''
|-
|-
| 2SG || nāmv'''irxhei''' || maiš'''irxhei''' || uvald'''irxhei'''
! 2nd
| nāmv'''axhei''' || nāmv'''irxhei''' || maiš'''axhei''' || maiš'''irxhei''' || uvald'''axhei''' || uvald'''irxhei'''
|-
|-
| 3SG || nāmv'''irxhitь''' || maiš'''irxhitь''' || uvald'''irxhitь'''
! 3rd
| nāmv'''axhitь''' || nāmv'''irxhitь''' || maiš'''axhitь''' || maiš'''irxhitь''' || uvald'''axhitь''' || uvald'''irxhitь'''
|-
|-
| 1DU || nāmv'''irxhādram''' || maiš'''irxhādram''' || uvald'''irxhādram'''
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
| nāmv'''axhādram''' || nāmv'''irxhādram''' || maiš'''axhādram''' || maiš'''irxhādram''' || uvald'''axhādram''' || uvald'''irxhādram'''
|-
|-
| 2DU || nāmv'''irxhādras''' || maiš'''irxhādras''' || uvald'''irxhādras'''
! 2nd
| nāmv'''axhādras''' || nāmv'''irxhādras''' || maiš'''axhādras''' || maiš'''irxhādras''' || uvald'''axhādras''' || uvald'''irxhādras'''
|-
|-
| 3DU || nāmv'''irxhādru''' || maiš'''irxhādru''' || uvald'''irxhādru'''
! 3rd
| nāmv'''axhādru''' || nāmv'''irxhādru''' || maiš'''axhādru''' || maiš'''irxhādru''' || uvald'''axhādru''' || uvald'''irxhādru'''
|-
|-
| 1PL || nāmv'''irxhalīm''' || maiš'''irxhalīm''' || uvald'''irxhalīm'''
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st
| nāmv'''axhāñjam''' || nāmv'''irxhāñjam''' || maiš'''axhāñjam''' || maiš'''irxhāñjam''' || uvald'''axhāñjam''' || meš'''irxhāñjam'''
|-
|-
| 2PL || nāmv'''irxhalīs''' || maiš'''irxhalīs''' || uvald'''irxhalīs'''
! 2nd
| nāmv'''axhogan''' || nāmv'''irxhogan''' || maiš'''axhogan''' || maiš'''irxhogan''' || uvald'''axhogan''' || uvald'''irxhogan'''
|-
|-
| 3PL || nāmv'''irxhāli''' || maiš'''irxhāli''' || uvald'''irxhāli'''
! 3rd
| nāmv'''axhaina''' || nāmv'''irxhaina''' || maiš'''axhaina''' || maiš'''irxhaina''' || uvald'''axhaina''' || uvald'''irxhaina'''
|}
|}


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