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*Third person clitic pronouns are often omitted. When the this occurs in oblique cases, the corresponding free postposition forms are used (''oó'', ''ák'', ''ás'', ''ál'', and ''ád'' respectively). | *Third person clitic pronouns are often omitted. When the this occurs in oblique cases, the corresponding free postposition forms are used (''oó'', ''ák'', ''ás'', ''ál'', and ''ád'' respectively). | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
====Suffix Conjugation==== | |||
Most consonant-initial verbs fall into this category. Example: ''sheeníni'' "to bring". | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ Suffix conjugation | |||
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''-íni''</span> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''sheen<b>íni</b>''</span> | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | Active Participle || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''-áa''</span> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''sheen<b>áa</b>''</span> | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | Passive Participle<small><sup>1</sup></small> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''-án-''</span> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''sheen<b>án-</b>''</span> | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subordinate !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Jussive/Imperative Aff. !! colspan="2" | Jussive/Imperative Neg. | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| ''-á'' || ''sheen<b>á</b>''|| ''-ó'' || ''sheen<b>ó</b>''|| ''-é'' || ''sheen<b>é</b>''|| ''-íne'' || ''sheen<b>íne</b>''|| ''-́u'' || ''sheén<b>u</b>'' || ''-ínu'' || ''sheen<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2S | |||
| ''-tá'' || ''sheen<b>tá</b>''|| ''-tó'' || ''sheen<b>tó</b>''|| ''-té'' || ''sheen<b>té</b>''|| ''-ínte'' || ''sheen<b>ínte</b>''|| ''-́u'' || ''sheén<b>u</b>'' || ''-ínu'' || ''sheen<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3SM | |||
| ''-á'' || ''sheen<b>á</b>''|| ''-ó'' || ''sheen<b>ó</b>''|| ''-é'' || ''sheen<b>é</b>''|| ''-íne'' || ''sheen<b>íne</b>''|| ''-́u'' || ''sheén<b>u</b>'' || ''-ínu'' || ''sheen<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3SF | |||
| ''-tá'' || ''sheen<b>tá</b>''|| ''-tó'' || ''sheen<b>tó</b>''|| ''-té'' || ''sheen<b>té</b>''|| ''-ínte'' || ''sheen<b>ínte</b>''|| ''-́tu'' || ''sheén<b>tu</b>'' || ''-íntu'' || ''sheen<b>íntu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 1P | |||
| ''-ná'' || ''sheen<b>ná</b>''|| ''-nó'' || ''sheen<b>nó</b>''|| ''-né'' || ''sheen<b>né</b>''|| ''-ínne'' || ''sheen<b>ínne</b>''|| ''-́nu'' || ''sheén<b>nu</b>'' || ''-ínnu'' || ''sheen<b>ínnu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2P | |||
| ''-taána'' || ''sheen<b>taána</b>''|| ''-toóna'' || ''sheen<b>toóna</b>''|| ''-teéni'' || ''sheen<b>teéni</b>''|| ''-inteéni'' || ''sheen<b>inteéni</b>''|| ''-́aa'' || ''sheén<b>aa</b>'' || ''-ínaa'' || ''sheen<b>ínaa</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3P | |||
| ''-aána'' || ''sheen<b>aána</b>''|| ''-oóna'' || ''sheen<b>oóna</b>''|| ''-eéni'' || ''sheen<b>eéni</b>''|| ''-ineéni'' || ''sheen<b>ineéni</b>''|| ''-́aa'' || ''sheén<b>aa</b>'' || ''-ínaa'' || ''sheen<b>ínaa</b>'' | |||
|} | |||
'''Notes:''' | |||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> Conjugates as an adjective. | |||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> ''-t-'' and ''-n-'' are affected by sandhi. | |||
====Prefix Conjugation==== | |||
Vowel-initial verbs. Example verb: ''arkíni'' "to see". | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ Prefix conjugation | |||
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''-íni''</span> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''ark<b>íni</b>''</span> | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | Active Participle || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''-áa''</span> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''ark<b>áa</b>''</span> | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | Passive Participle || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''-án-''</span> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <span style="font-weight:normal">''ark<b>án-</b>''</span> | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subordinate !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Jussive/Imperative Aff. !! colspan="2" | Jussive/Imperative Neg. | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| ''-á'' || ''ark<b>á</b>''|| ''-ó'' || ''ark<b>ó</b>''|| ''-é'' || ''ark<b>é</b>''|| ''-íne'' || ''ark<b>íne</b>''|| ''-́u'' || ''árk<b>u</b>'' || ''-ínu'' || ''ark<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2S | |||
| ''t-á'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>á</b>''|| ''t-ó'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>ó</b>''|| ''t-é'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>é</b>''|| ''t-íne'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>íne</b>''|| ''-́u'' || ''árk<b>u</b>'' || ''-ínu'' || ''ark<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3SM | |||
| ''y-á'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>á</b>''|| ''y-ó'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>ó</b>''|| ''y-é'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>é</b>''|| ''y-íne'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>íne</b>''|| ''y-́u'' || ''<b>y</b>árk<b>u</b>'' || ''y-ínu'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3SF | |||
| ''t-á'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>á</b>''|| ''t-ó'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>ó</b>''|| ''t-é'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>é</b>''|| ''t-íne'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>íne</b>''|| ''t-́u'' || ''<b>t</b>árk<b>u</b>'' || ''t-ínu'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 1P | |||
| ''n-á'' || ''<b>n</b>ark<b>á</b>''|| ''n-ó'' || ''<b>n</b>ark<b>ó</b>''|| ''n-é'' || ''<b>n</b>ark<b>é</b>''|| ''n-íne'' || ''<b>n</b>ark<b>íne</b>''|| ''n-́u'' || ''<b>n</b>árk<b>u</b>'' || ''n-ínu'' || ''<b>n</b>ark<b>ínu</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2P | |||
| ''t-aána'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>aána</b>''|| ''t-oóna'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>oóna</b>''|| ''t-eéni'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>eéni</b>''|| ''t-ineéni'' || ''<b>t</b>ark<b>ineéni</b>''|| ''-́aa'' || ''árk<b>aa</b>'' || ''-ínaa'' || ''ark<b>ínaa</b>'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3P | |||
| ''y-aána'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>aána</b>''|| ''y-oóna'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>oóna</b>''|| ''y-eéni'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>eéni</b>''|| ''y-ineéni'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>ineéni</b>''|| ''y-́aa'' || ''<b>y</b>árk<b>aa</b>'' || ''y-ínaa'' || ''<b>y</b>ark<b>ínaa</b>'' | |||
|}. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== |
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