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Hadda: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
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Mood: affects final vowel. | Mood: affects final vowel. | ||
*Indicative: ''-a'' | *Indicative: ''-a'' | ||
* | **Used in declarative sentences for a statement of fact. | ||
*Potential: ''-e'' (palatalizes final velar) | |||
**Used for an event considered likely - e.g. ''ħaɗɗe'' "probably is Hadda" | |||
*Dubitative: ''-o'' | |||
**Used for an event considered possible but unlikely - e.g. ''ħaɗɗo'' "maybe is Hadda" | |||
*Conditional: ''-u'' | |||
**Used for an event whose occurrence is dependent on another condition - e.g. ''ħaɗɗu'' "would be Hadda" | |||
*Imperative: ''-i'' (palatalizes final velar) | |||
**Used for command, imploring, self-encouragement, etc - e.g. ''ħaɗɗi'' "be Hadda" | |||
Tense + aspect: affects stem | Tense + aspect: affects stem | ||
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**Forming compound tenses, which can either form new tenses or disambiguate existing forms - e.g. ''gaaⱳa gwaara'' "will be throwing", ''gaaⱳa jiira'' "was throwing" (equivalent to ''jiiⱳa''; might be used if another verb has the same past form), ''gwaaⱳa jiira'' "was going to throw" | **Forming compound tenses, which can either form new tenses or disambiguate existing forms - e.g. ''gaaⱳa gwaara'' "will be throwing", ''gaaⱳa jiira'' "was throwing" (equivalent to ''jiiⱳa''; might be used if another verb has the same past form), ''gwaaⱳa jiira'' "was going to throw" | ||
**Deriving verbs from nouns, interjections, loanwords, etc - e.g. ''ħiʔ gaara'' "to hiccup" (literally: to say ''ħiʔ''), ''telefoona gaara'' "to telephone" (literally: to say telephone). | **Deriving verbs from nouns, interjections, loanwords, etc - e.g. ''ħiʔ gaara'' "to hiccup" (literally: to say ''ħiʔ''), ''telefoona gaara'' "to telephone" (literally: to say telephone). | ||
<!-- Originally, there were two tenses (past and non-past), each with three aspects (perfective, progressive/stative, and habitual). The future tense comes from the present perfective. --> | <!-- Originally, there were two tenses (past and non-past), each with three aspects (perfective, progressive/stative, and habitual). The future tense comes from the present perfective. --> | ||