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Kola: Difference between revisions
→Noun classes
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'''Notes:''' | '''Notes:''' | ||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> These concord prefixes are old-fashioned and tend to be replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2 | <small><sup>1</sup></small> These concord prefixes are old-fashioned and tend to be replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2, while those agreeing with inanimate nouns use classes 5/6 or 9/10. | ||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> -y- is added epenthetically before vowels. | <small><sup>2</sup></small> -y- is added epenthetically before vowels. | ||
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<small><sup>3</sup></small> The initial consonant of the stem (including a null consonant) is often nasalized if applicable, but this is not always the case especially in loanwords. | <small><sup>3</sup></small> The initial consonant of the stem (including a null consonant) is often nasalized if applicable, but this is not always the case especially in loanwords. | ||
<small><sup>4</sup></small> Inanimate nouns (especially those whose plural form is identical to their singular) can | <small><sup>4</sup></small> Inanimate nouns (especially those whose plural form is identical to their singular) can form the plural by adding the class 6 prefix ''mä-'' to either their singular or plural. Similarly, animate nouns (especially those not already in class 1) can add the class 2 prefix ''wä-''. | ||
:e.g. class 3 ''mïthi'' "tree" (stem: ''-thi'') → class 4 ''mïthi'' or class 6 ''mämthi'' "trees" | :e.g. class 3 ''mïthi'' "tree" (stem: ''-thi'') → class 4 ''mïthi'' or class 6 ''mämthi'' "trees" | ||
::class 5 ''yichä'' "eye" (stem: ''-ichä'') → class 6 ''mechä'' or ''mämechä'' "eyes" | ::class 5 ''yichä'' "eye" (stem: ''-ichä'') → class 6 ''mechä'' or ''mämechä/mäyichä'' "eyes" | ||
::class 5 ''yïtt'' "giant, great person" (stem: ''-tt'') → class 6 ''mätt'' or class 2 ''wämätt'' "giants, great people" | ::class 5 ''yïtt'' "giant, great person" (stem: ''-tt'') → class 6 ''mätt'' or class 2 ''wämätt/wäyïtt'' "giants, great people" | ||
Younger speakers tend to add the prefixes to the noun's singular form, while older speakers add them to the plural forms or don't add them at all. | |||
<small><sup>5</sup></small> Diminutive and augmentative prefixes may be added before the prefix of the base noun or directly to the stem. Locative prefixes are always added to the full noun before any other prefixes. | |||
:e.g. ''gä-'' + ''yichä'' "eye" → ''gechä'' or ''gäyichä'' "little eye" | |||
::''bä-'' + ''yichä'' → ''bäyichä'' "in a little eye" (NOT *''bechä'') | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||