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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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→The honorific verb tilah
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Its conjugation is mostly regular but has some particularities: | Its conjugation is mostly regular but has some particularities: | ||
* The indicative present exterior is as for ''ah-verbs'' but shortened: ''tilah - tilši - tilah - | * The indicative present exterior is as for ''ah-verbs'' but shortened: ''tilah - tilši - tilah - tilāhai - tilądia - tiląde - tilęm - tiląšin - tilah''; the present interior is as for all regular ''ah-verbs'' (''tilęru, tilęri, tilęre...''). | ||
* The causative forms show haplology of *il-ild to ''ilьd'': '' | * The causative forms show haplology of *il-ild to ''ilьd'': ''tilьdu, tilьdi, tilьde...'' interior ''tilьdru, tilьdri, tilьdre...'' | ||
* The indicative past exterior uses a stem ''ny-'' in the singular and dual and just ''ni-'' in the plural: ''nyau - nyei - nyek - nyaram - nyares - nyadat - nināja - nineši - nīvė''; the interior and the causative are regular using ''ny-er-'', ''ny-eld(r)-'' (''nyerau, nyerei, nyerek...'' ''nyeldau, nyeldei, nyeldek...'' ''nyeldrau, nyeldrei, nyeldrek...''). | * The indicative past exterior uses a stem ''ny-'' in the singular and dual and just ''ni-'' in the plural: ''nyau - nyei - nyek - nyaram - nyares - nyadat - nināja - nineši - nīvė''; the interior and the causative are regular using ''ny-er-'', ''ny-eld(r)-'' (''nyerau, nyerei, nyerek...'' ''nyeldau, nyeldei, nyeldek...'' ''nyeldrau, nyeldrei, nyeldrek...''). | ||
* The perfect exterior has the stem ''nīl-'' and has a shortened 1PL and 2PL: ''nīlam - nīles - nīla - nīlara - nīlari - nīla - nīlьma - nīlьša - nīla''. The interior has ''nīlьr-'' (''nīlьram, nīlьres, nīlьrā...'') and the causative ''nīlьd-'' (''nīlьdam, nīlьdes, nīlьdā...'' ''nīlьdṛm, nīlьdṛs, nīlьdirā...''). | * The perfect exterior has the stem ''nīl-'' and has a shortened 1PL and 2PL: ''nīlam - nīles - nīla - nīlara - nīlari - nīla - nīlьma - nīlьša - nīla''. The interior has ''nīlьr-'' (''nīlьram, nīlьres, nīlьrā...'') and the causative ''nīlьd-'' (''nīlьdam, nīlьdes, nīlьdā...'' ''nīlьdṛm, nīlьdṛs, nīlьdirā...''). | ||
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* The subjunctive imperfective exterior is regular with the stem ''til-'' in the 1SG (''tilatiam'') and only ''t'' in the others (''tīsei, tīti...''). The interior has ''tiler-'' and the causative ''tireld-''. | * The subjunctive imperfective exterior is regular with the stem ''til-'' in the 1SG (''tilatiam'') and only ''t'' in the others (''tīsei, tīti...''). The interior has ''tiler-'' and the causative ''tireld-''. | ||
* The subjunctive perfective exterior always has the stem ''t-'' (''tevitam, tevšei, tevite...''); the interior has ''tilьr-'' and the causative ''tilьd-'') | * The subjunctive perfective exterior always has the stem ''t-'' (''tevitam, tevšei, tevite...''); the interior has ''tilьr-'' and the causative ''tilьd-'') | ||
* The optative is completely regular, with the (regular) stem '' | * The optative is completely regular, with the (regular) stem ''tileina-''. | ||
All voice affixes come before ''tilah'', as if the ''an-form'' were only a verbal prefix. The honorific verb is not used where there already is a honorific suppletive verb (cf. ''moṣite'' "you (honorific) ask" (verb ''muṣke'') → ''pardhite'' (verb ''pṛdhake''), not *muṣantetilši). | All voice affixes come before ''tilah'', as if the ''an-form'' were only a verbal prefix. The honorific verb is not used where there already is a honorific suppletive verb (cf. ''moṣite'' "you (honorific) ask" (verb ''muṣke'') → ''pardhite'' (verb ''pṛdhake''), not *muṣantetilši). | ||