Circular Gallifreyan: Difference between revisions

Circular Gallifreyan (view source)

Revision as of 20:42, 9 December 2017

304 bytes added , 9 December 2017

→‎Aspect

Alex Stark

99

edits

@@ Line 815: / Line 815: @@
 ==== Aspect ====
-Habitual
+Aspect in Gallifreyan denotes frequency, intentionality, cause and intention. There are 9 general aspect forms, some with their own subdivisions. The use of some of these aspects is generally optional as their use is not truly necessary, making it up to the speaker to decide how much information they intend to give. Note: some forms of aspect are already mixed with the normal tenses and the use of any of the following prepositions doesn't invalidate them.
-It is used to indicate actions the speaker does or did frequently
-	Past Tenses: Pira jeyi dodagçaś Earth ndi-rikhutsń vlaystgkem rherjy. - "I used to go to planet Earth"
-	Present Tenses: Pira jyei dodagçaś Earth ndi-rikhutsń rherjy. - "I go to planet Earth frequently"
-	Future Tenses: Pira jyei dodagçaś Earth ndi-rikhutsń rherjy iera. - "I would like to get into the habit of frequently go to planet Earth"
-Telicity
+* '''Habitual'''
-Indicates if an action has been completed as intended.
+It is used to indicate actions the speaker does or did frequently:
-Pira jyei çagts-qutć vuranovi rhassisyy sźotsẽ sryyniash soz. – I read your book every month (and finish it every time)
+ ''pira jeyi dodagçaś Sol 3 '''ndirikhutsń''' vlaystgkem rherjy'' → I used to go to planet Earth
-Inceptive
+* '''Telicity'''
-Used for referring to the beginning of an action or state.
+Indicates if an action has been completed as intended:
-Pira jyei bãsklo pośsi irgyu. – I started running because of a change in the past
+ ''pira jyei fagts kphi vuranovi rhasisî sźotse srîniash '''soz''' ''→ I read your book every month (and finish it every time)
-Durative
+* '''Inceptive'''
-It's used for marking the duration of an action or if it stopped for a while.
+Used for referring to the beginning of an action or state:
-Delimitative: qutć tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy-ha iera – as soon as you go, I will go for a while
+ ''pira jyei basklo '''pośsi''' irgyu'' – I started running because of a change in the past
-Pausative: qutć ha-tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy iera – as soon as you stop going, I will go
-Causative
+* '''Durative'''
-It's used to indicate that someone or something played a role assisting or causing another action. The Causative is divided into 4 cases:
+It's used for marking the duration of an action or if it stopped for a while:
-	- Forced Action: Thlihante zai-baehilt – Someone/something is making someone/something do something.
+ ''kutś tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>ha''' iera'' – as soon as you go, I will go for a while
-	- Assisted Action: Ñetroplg zai-baehilt – Someone/something is helping someone/something do something.
+ ''kutś '''ha<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy iera'' – as soon as you stop going, I will go
-	- Permitted Action: Xērtten zai-baehilt – Someone/something is letting someone/something do something.
-	- An Action Caused Indirectly or As a Result of Something Else: Raigh-llakhib zai'baehilt – Something else happened that let/caused someone/something to do something.
-Momentane
+* '''Causative'''
-It's used to indicate that an action happened involuntarily in a sudden and quick manner.
+It's used to indicate that someone or something played a role assisting or causing another action. It's divided into 4 cases:
-	Yo śek meelćzup – suddenly and quickly died but it was erased from time
-Defective
+- Forced Action: '''''thlihante''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is making someone/something do something.
-Indicates that an action almost happened. Some scholars place this aspect as a subform of the Telicity aspect.
-Ćrestasebe rherjy mara – I almost never went in the past but could not possibly go at all in the future
-Intensity
+- Assisted Action: '''''ñetroplg''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is helping someone/something do something.
-Used to denote the specific intensity of (or put on) an action.
-Intensive: jeksdamn thaskovo – yelled loudly (with a strong force)
-Attenuative: jeksdamn irgyuso – barely ran (didn't put much energy into it)
-Intentionality
+- Permitted Action: '''''xertten''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is letting someone/something do something.
-Indicates if an action was done deliberately or accidentally.
-Intentional: kyy treźpau estrupa – had harmed on purpose
+- An Action Caused Indirectly or As a Result of Something Else: '''''raigh'lakhib''' zai'baehilt'' – Something else happened that let/caused someone/something to do something.
-Accidental: k treźpau ustigraã – had laughed accidentally
+* '''Momentane'''
+It's used to indicate that an action happened involuntarily in a sudden and quick manner:
+ '''''yo''' śek meeltśzup'' – suddenly and quickly died but it was erased from time
+* '''Defective'''
+Indicates that an action almost happened:
+ ''tśrestasebe rherjy '''mara''''' – I almost never went in the past but could not possibly go at all in the future
+* '''Intensity'''
+Used to denote the specific intensity of (or put on) an action:
+ ''jeksdamn thasko'''vo''''' – yelled loudly (with a strong force)
+ ''jeksdamn irgyu'''so''''' – barely ran (didn't put much energy into it)
+* '''Intentionality'''
+Indicates if an action was done deliberately or accidentally:
+ '''''kî''' treźpau estrupa'' – had harmed on purpose
+ '''''k''' treźpau ustigraa'' – had laughed accidentally
 ==== Verb Cases ====