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==== Aspect ==== | ==== Aspect ==== | ||
Aspect in Gallifreyan denotes frequency, intentionality, cause and intention. There are 9 general aspect forms, some with their own subdivisions. The use of some of these aspects is generally optional as their use is not truly necessary, making it up to the speaker to decide how much information they intend to give. Note: some forms of aspect are already mixed with the normal tenses and the use of any of the following prepositions doesn't invalidate them. | |||
* '''Habitual''' | |||
It is used to indicate actions the speaker does or did frequently: | |||
''pira jeyi dodagçaś Sol 3 '''ndirikhutsń''' vlaystgkem rherjy'' → I used to go to planet Earth | |||
* '''Telicity''' | |||
Indicates if an action has been completed as intended: | |||
''pira jyei fagts kphi vuranovi rhasisî sźotse srîniash '''soz''' ''→ I read your book every month (and finish it every time) | |||
* '''Inceptive''' | |||
Used for referring to the beginning of an action or state: | |||
''pira jyei basklo '''pośsi''' irgyu'' – I started running because of a change in the past | |||
* '''Durative''' | |||
It's used | It's used for marking the duration of an action or if it stopped for a while: | ||
''kutś tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>ha''' iera'' – as soon as you go, I will go for a while | |||
''kutś '''ha<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy iera'' – as soon as you stop going, I will go | |||
* '''Causative''' | |||
It's used to indicate that | It's used to indicate that someone or something played a role assisting or causing another action. It's divided into 4 cases: | ||
- Forced Action: '''''thlihante''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is making someone/something do something. | |||
- Assisted Action: '''''ñetroplg''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is helping someone/something do something. | |||
Intentionality | - Permitted Action: '''''xertten''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is letting someone/something do something. | ||
Indicates if an action was done deliberately or accidentally | |||
- An Action Caused Indirectly or As a Result of Something Else: '''''raigh'lakhib''' zai'baehilt'' – Something else happened that let/caused someone/something to do something. | |||
* '''Momentane''' | |||
It's used to indicate that an action happened involuntarily in a sudden and quick manner: | |||
'''''yo''' śek meeltśzup'' – suddenly and quickly died but it was erased from time | |||
* '''Defective''' | |||
Indicates that an action almost happened: | |||
''tśrestasebe rherjy '''mara''''' – I almost never went in the past but could not possibly go at all in the future | |||
* '''Intensity''' | |||
Used to denote the specific intensity of (or put on) an action: | |||
''jeksdamn thasko'''vo''''' – yelled loudly (with a strong force) | |||
''jeksdamn irgyu'''so''''' – barely ran (didn't put much energy into it) | |||
* '''Intentionality''' | |||
Indicates if an action was done deliberately or accidentally: | |||
'''''kî''' treźpau estrupa'' – had harmed on purpose | |||
'''''k''' treźpau ustigraa'' – had laughed accidentally | |||
==== Verb Cases ==== | ==== Verb Cases ==== |
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