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===Historical phonology=== | ===Historical phonology=== | ||
====Grand master plan==== | |||
(Proto-Bantu reconstruction taken from Wikipedia.<sup>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language#Phonology]</sup> To avoid confusion, Proto-Bantu *j is written ɟ) | (Proto-Bantu reconstruction taken from Wikipedia.<sup>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language#Phonology]</sup> To avoid confusion, Proto-Bantu *j is written ɟ) | ||
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ə > a / after non-labialized guttural consonant<!--, before guttural consonant that is followed by a (including from ä) or ï/Ø--> | ə > a / after non-labialized guttural consonant<!--, before guttural consonant that is followed by a (including from ä) or ï/Ø--> | ||
====Dialectal differences==== | |||
*Some dialects maintain the distinction between /ʒ/ and /d͡ʒ/ | |||
*Some dialects distinguish between dental and alveolar stops, and between sibilant and non-sibilant alveolar fricatives. The alveolar stops/affricates (/t͇’ ~ t͡ɬ’, t͇ʰ ~ t͡ɬʰ, d͇ ~ d͡ɮ/) and non-sibilant alveolar fricatives (/θ͇ ~ ɬ, ð͇ ~ ɮ/) correspond to Proto-Bantu palatals before non-front vowels, which in the standard language merged with other palatals. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== |
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