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| '''Tumacan''' (''Tȯmakav'') is a minority language in the Tigolic subbranch of the [[Talmic languages]]. It is notable for its relatively conservative verb system. | | Anglo-Swedo-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle |
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| | Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere |
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| | Flijeon River |
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| | Andaegol |
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| | Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology? |
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| | Mjeolbon 'Melbourne' |
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| | brjedjeong |
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| | sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean |
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| | Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is |
| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| Loosely "Kashubian" to [[Anvyrese]]'s Polish.
| | ===Consonants=== |
| ===Morphology=== | | *'''k g ng''' /k g ŋ/ |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| | *'''kj/tj gj/dj thj nj''' /tɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ɲ/ |
| |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
| | *'''t d th n''' /t d θ n/ |
| |-
| | *'''p b f v m''' /p b f v~w m/ |
| !colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
| | *'''s sj/stj/skj h''' /s ɧ h/ |
| |-
| | *'''r l -d j''' /ɾ l ð j/ |
| !colspan="2"|Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/, '''mm''' /m:/
| | [w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants. |
| | '''n''' /n/, '''nn''' /n:/
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| | '''ń''' /ɲ/, '''ńń''' /ɲ:/
| | /t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized). |
| | '''ŋ''' /ŋ/, '''ŋŋ''' /ŋ:/ ||
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| | ===Vowels=== |
| | Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/: ''mi ni pi ti ki bi di gi fi vi'' are read as ''mji nji pji tji kji bji dji gji fji vji''. ''si zi li'' are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi li]. |
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| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| |- | | |- |
| !rowspan="2"|Stop | | ! rowspan="2" | |
| !<small>fortis</small> | | ! colspan="2" |Front |
| | '''p''' /p/ | | ! rowspan="2" |Central |
| | '''t''' /t/ | | ! rowspan="2" |Back |
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| | '''c''' /k/ ||
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| |- | | |- |
| !<small>lenis</small> | | ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small> |
| | '''b''' /b/ | | ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small> |
| | '''d''' /d/
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| | '''g''' /g/ ||
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| |- | | |- |
| !rowspan="2"|Affricate | | ! style="" |Close |
| !<small>fortis</small>
| | | '''i''' /i/ |
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| | | '''u''' /ü/ |
| | '''ț''' /ts/ | | | '''eu''' [ɨ] |
| | '''ċ''' /tʃ/ | | | '''o''' /o~u/ |
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| |- | | |- |
| !<small>lenis</small> | | ! style="" |Mid |
| | | | | '''ae, e''' /e̞/ |
| | '''ḑ''' /dz/ | | | '''ö''' /ø~œ/ |
| | '''ġ''' /dʒ/ | | | '''eo''' [ə] |
| | || | | | '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/ |
| |- | | |- |
| !rowspan="2"|Spirant | | ! style="" |Open |
| !<small>unvoiced</small>
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| | '''f''' /f/
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| | '''ch''' /x/ || | | | '''a''' /ɐ/ |
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''v''' /v/
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| | '''gh''' /ɣ/ ||
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Sibilant
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| !<small>unvoiced</small>
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''ṡ''' /ʃ/
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| | || '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''z''' /z/
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| | '''ż''' /ʒ/
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| |-
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| !colspan="2"| Liquid
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| | '''r''' /ɾ/, '''rr''' /r/ || '''ṙ''' /ɹ/ ||
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| |-
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| !colspan="2"| Approximant
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| | || '''l''' /ɫ/
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| | '''j''' /j/, '''ll''' /ʎː/ || ||
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| |} | | |} |
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns===
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| Nouns are relatively simple (comparable to my old Tíogall).
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| Two states: absolute and construct.
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| ===Verbs===
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| Tumacan verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by allomorphy inherited from [[Old Eevo]]. (The perfective form derives from adding a prefix, which causes the verb to take the conjunct form. cf. Slavic languages.) Most Tumacan verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
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| The old subject/TAM suffixes have been lost and tense is marked by prefixes.
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| [[Category:Tricin]]
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