User:Ceige/Tatan
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Closed | i | y | ɯ | u |
| Open | æ | ø | ɑ | o |
Grammar
Nouns
Noun declension
| Case | Suffix |
|---|---|
| Nominative | -Ø |
| Accusative | -mA, -ya |
| Genitive | -ni |
| Ablative | -ti (> -či) |
| Dative-Locative | -dA, -dU |
| Comitative-Loc | -lA |
| Translative-Prolative | -ri, -li |
| Oblique | -KA (-ga) |
The oblique can combine with other forms. For example:
- -nKA > -nggA (an elaborate and over-the-top sounding genitive that might be a little old-fashioned)
This case stacking can occur in many other cases.
- -nTA > -ndA
Not mentioned here is -s-, which is sometimes used for genitive constructions. It is a reduced genitive marker of ambiguous origins.
Plural affixes
- -t(V) - cf. ablative
- -s - cf. ablative
- -ni - cf. ablative
- -la - cf. comitative
(combinations are possible too: -tara for example)
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | mi, min- | ma-?, man-? |
| 2nd Person | ti (či?), tin- | ta, tan-? |
| 3rd Person | V, te-? | V.pl |
Personal suffixes
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | -mi | -ma- |
| 2nd Person | -ti/či/si | -Ca- |
| 3rd Person | -(n) | -tV- |
Verbs
Verb affixes
| Role | Affix | Examples and Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Verbal nouns | -mA | Cf. Finnic -mA, Turkic -mA, Tungusic -mA, Korean -(eu)m |
| Continuative | -mA bi, -m'bi | Cf. Manchu -me bi > -mbi |
| Translative | -ri | (Also a noun declension suffix) |
| Past 1 (also passive?) | -TA | Cf. Japanese, Turkic |
| (also passive?) | -nV? | |
| Past 2 | -ha | cf. Mongolian -x, Manchu -ha |
Copula
- bi, bVi (cf. Manchu, Mongolian; semantically similar to Japanese iru)