User:Chrysophylax/sketch-2

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns fall into several noun classes, w- (animate), l-(tools), n-(spirits and locations), ø- (inanimate) which in turn are inflected for grammatical case and number (singular-plural)

Example paradigm for the animate noun dar

Number	Singular		Plural
absolutive	ẉ́dar		udári
ergative	udárano		udáranoi
vocative	udáre		udárei

Collective nouns may be formed by replication following CVC > CV-CVC, e.g., dano ‘fruit’ → dadano ‘a harvest of fruits’.

Pronouns

Pronouns have a slightly different set of inflections.

First person singular "I"
Number	Singular		Plural
absolutive	in		ini
ergative	inis		inisi
genitive	inisi		inisii

Example text

JRR Tolkien, LotR, pp 412-3:

1. Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea!
2. West Wind blew there; the light upon the Silver Tree
3. Fell like bright rain in gardens of the Kings of old.
4. O proud walls! White towers! O wingèd crown and throne of gold!
5. O Gondor, Gondor! Shall men behold the Silver Tree,
6. Or West Wind blow again between the Mountains and the Sea?

1. Gondor! Gondor, daits nanarsizara
2. gauts naits nuna ẉ́bolbezi; zazal daursibana ditso
3. zal dodolzena unár udár dadaurisigora ẉ́dolbe.

Hūnnir hār Tanwār

ekʲãgs koymuns

1. T, N → 0 / #_V

   ano ( ← dano) ‘fruit’, anar ( ← nanar) ‘mountain range’

Sketch 2a

1. T K → θ χ / R_V

   arθano ( ← ardano) ‘tall fruit’ , arχaitso ( ← argaitso) ‘high stronghold’

2. au → ō /

   adōr ( ← adaur)

3. in polysyllabic words e, a, o → ø / _#

   arχaits ẉ́dar ( ← arχaitso ẉd́ar)

Sketch 2b

1. N → 0 / V_V

   iis ( ← inis)

Sketch 2c

1. e, i → je, ji / #_

   jedéro ( ← edéro), jin ( ← in)

2. ai → æː

   gæːtso ( ← gaitso) ‘stronghold’

3. j, w → ji, wi / _C

   wizazal ( ← ẉ́zazal) ‘jewellery smith’

4. ṇ, ṛ, ḷ → in, ir, il / _C

   índor ( ← ṇ́dor) ‘place by river’

5. oi → ū
6. unstressed [front], [back] → ĭ, ə̆

   ardə̆nə̆ ( ← ardano), absolutive widə̆r (← wídar) ‘lord’ but ə̆dárə̆nə̆ ( ← udárano) in the ergative.

7. loss of word-final ĭ and ə̆

   argæːts ( ← argæːtsə̆)

8. fortition of ĭ, ə̆ → e, u / C_C

   arendur ( ← arĭndə̆r)

9. loss of remaining ĭ and ə̆

   ergative dárun ( ← ə̆dárə̆n) ‘lord’

Number	Singular		Plural
absolutive	wídar		dar
ergative	dárun (← ə̆dárə̆nə̆)		dárunu ( ← ə̆dárə̆nū)
vocative	dar		dáre
genitive	dárus ( ← ə̆dárə̆sĭ)		dáruse ( ← ə̆dárə̆sī)

Number	Singular		Plural
absolutive	arendur		arendur
ergative	arendur (← arĭndə̆r)		arendur ( ← arĭndə̆r)
vocative	arendur		arendur
genitive	arendures( ← arĭndə̆rĭsĭ)		arenduresi ( ← arĭndə̆rĭsī)

wrādes bhasyos

Prima derivatio

• dar
• dal
• dan
• dats

• nar
• nal
• nan
• nats

• zar
• zal
• zan
• zats

• gar
• gal
• gan
• gats

• der
• del
• den
• dets

• ner
• nel
• nen
• nets

• zer
• zel
• zen
• zets

• ger
• gel
• gen
• gets

• dor
• dol
• don
• dots

• nor
• nol
• non
• nots

• zor
• zol
• zon
• zots

• gor
• gol
• gon
• gots

• dur
• dul
• dun
• duts

• nur
• nul
• nun
• nuts

• zur
• zul
• zun
• zuts

• gur
• gul
• gun
• guts

• dir
• dil
• din
• dits

• nir
• nil
• nin
• nits

• zir
• zil
• zin
• zits

• gir
• gil
• gin
• gits

• dair
• dail
• dain
• daits

• nair
• nail
• nain
• naits

• zair
• zail
• zain
• zaits

• gair
• gail
• gain
• gaits

• daur
• daul
• daun
• dauts

• naur
• naul
• naun
• nauts

• zaur
• zaul
• zaun
• zauts

• gaur
• gaul
• gaun
• gauts

Secunda derivatio

• da-dar
• da-dal
• da-dan
• da-dats

• na-nar
• na-nal
• na-nan
• na-nats

• za-zar
• za-zal
• za-zan
• za-zats

• ga-gar
• ga-gal
• ga-gan
• ga-gats

• de-der
• de-del
• de-den
• de-dets

• ne-ner
• ne-nel
• ne-nen
• ne-nets

• ze-zer
• ze-zel
• ze-zen
• ze-zets

• ge-ger
• ge-gel
• ge-gen
• ge-gets

• do-dor
• do-dol
• do-don
• do-dots

• no-nor
• no-nol
• no-non
• no-nots

• zo-zor
• zo-zol
• zo-zon
• zo-zots

• go-gor
• go-gol
• go-gon
• go-gots

• du-dur
• du-dul
• du-dun
• du-duts

• nu-nur
• nu-nul
• nu-nun
• nu-nuts

• zu-zur
• zu-zul
• zu-zun
• zu-zuts

• gu-gur
• gu-gul
• gu-gun
• gu-guts

• di-dir
• di-dil
• di-din
• di-dits

• ni-nir
• ni-nil
• ni-nin
• ni-nits

• zi-zir
• zi-zil
• zi-zin
• zi-zits

• gi-gir
• gi-gil
• gi-gin
• gi-gits

• da-dair
• da-dail
• da-dain
• da-daits

• na-nair
• na-nail
• na-nain
• na-naits

• za-zair
• za-zail
• za-zain
• za-zaits

• ga-gair
• ga-gail
• ga-gain
• ga-gaits

• da-daur
• da-daul
• da-daun
• da-dauts

• na-naur
• na-naul
• na-naun
• na-nauts

• za-zaur
• za-zaul
• za-zaun
• za-zauts

• ga-gaur
• ga-gaul
• ga-gaun
• ga-gauts