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When used in a sentence, interrogative pronouns are followed by the focus particle ''éki'', with optional contraction. ...clauses, it falls before the complement and no clitic subject pronouns or focus particles are used. <br /> E.g. ''él é muyêr.'' ≈ ''muyêr éki li sê

...eing mostly uninflected, and significant pro-drop tendencies and a general focus around deixis rather than pronominal distinctions. The word order is heavil Despite a third person being the agent of the action, the focus is on the first person (the assertor) and the verb is therefore conjunct.

...on, or command); the presence of irony or sarcasm; emphasis, contrast, and focus. For this function a wide range of pitch is used, while at other times a na |[[w:Object_(grammar)#Types|IO.Pl]]-entertain-[[w:Abstract and concrete|ABST]]-[[w:Transitive ve

...l vowels) and dialectally for frontness and backness. In describing the [[#Grammar]], vowels are written in upper-case (e.g. I, A, E) to signify that they cha =Grammar=

...a mixture of primarily Portuguese and Dutch(later Afrikaans), whereas the grammar is heavily influenced by Zulu and Xhosa and the East Bantu language family ...uguese ''bastão''. However, inexplicably, it is now often used to indicate focus in a sentence(like in [[w:Singlish|Singlish]]/[[w:Manglish|Manglish]] ''lah

One of the language's main goals is a focus on minimalism. It is designed to express maximal meaning with minimal compl ...:16">{{Cite web|last=Tomaszewski|first=Zach|date=2012-12-11|title=A Formal Grammar for Toki Pona|url=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~chin/661F12/Projects/ztomaszewski

==Grammar== pegative focus particle to mark the agent of a benefactive/malefactive action

...l vowels) and dialectally for frontness and backness. In describing the [[#Grammar]], vowels are written in upper-case (e.g. I, A, E) to signify that they cha =Grammar=

The many examples from the original grammar book<ref name="intro"/> show that a message, like a meaningful phrase or a ...cal linguistics|theoretical linguistics]], [[w:cognitive grammar|cognitive grammar]], [[w:psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]], [[w:language acquisition|lang

*''='ah'': focus ("it is X that...") *TVF = truth value focus: ''-íi'' (used for answering questions)

*łiðúþ = grammar (Classical Wdm. 'instruction') * lloþol = finite (of a verb); lit. initial (this is because of Tigol grammar which required verb-initial syntax)

===Grammar, phonology and terminology=== *In the grammar section, I would prefer a table of pronouns labelled similarly to [[Biscaya

...orms can be quite complex, their structure takes up a major portion of its grammar. The make-up of the verbal stem itself is quite simple, the vital step is t ...veral mechanisms which change the normal valency of a verb. The [[w:Voice_(grammar)#Middle|middle]], [[w:Passive voice|passive]] and [[w:Antipassive voice|ant

...intelligible but sounds a bit archaic to speakers of Shinach Netagin. The grammar is mostly Shinach (analytic verbs etc.) ...fferent from English literally translated into Korean does; sometimes it's focus-prominent, rather than being topic-prominent, from Irish influence; the top

==Grammar== #''Ôyû́n lố hótô ránômô ékô džố.'' (focus on ''hótô'')

...'lingua franca'' of the Triband, a non-humanoid alien species. While TCL's grammar is within the bounds of human language (using patterns and synctactic struc ==Grammar==

...nd inconsistent sound correspondences support that idea. The similarity in grammar, especially verbal morphology, is also likely due to later Meskangela influ ==Grammar==

*Make the grammar as different from Hebrew as possible Every verb inflects for a trigger. When a trigger is used, focus shifts to the noun marked with the ''yi'' case marker.

...guage]]. However, it turned out that a simple grammar is not necessarily a grammar that is easy to learn: the more ways of simplification I found, the further ...ots tried to revive their old language, which failed spectacularly for the grammar but reintroduced many Lemizh words of the core vocabulary.

=Grammar and Syntax= ...> Intransitive Verbs (Antipassive Voice)<br />Agent/Experience and Patient/Focus swap places