User:IlL/Spare pages 1/5

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IlL/Spare pages 1/5 (English: /tʃərn/ chern; native name: Tsjoen-Naet /tʂœn nɛt/) is an official language in Tsjoen-Gjeost and several other countries, and a lingua franca in Bjeheond.

Todo

  • 'is not ADJ' < "is nothing ADJ"
  • ry xa = OK, got it
  • hjoen = so, thus, yes
  • I think setting cars on fire is not OK. = Xi stir loet aeksj tingm tsjoer pruh. (I think COMP give car burn evil)
  • I think police violence is OK! = xi stir loet vidjóf ospák si pruh! (I think that police violence not evil)
  • oem = say
  • ry = hear
  • Tsjoen national anthem?
  • zjog = person
  • zatj = 2nd person polite pronoun
  • postvocalic h is allowed
  • Xi gdeoz, beugju xi tjaleo = Cogito ergo sum
  • hael = ego
  • hjeo (before C), hjeor (before V) = this
  • tjaleo = exist
  • fosn = therefore; beugju = ergo
  • Otsn./Jodav. = Hello.
  • Eobák. = Greetings. (somewhat more formal)
  • Tsuxa. = Thank you.
  • Sjapt otsn. = Bye.
  • ingk (mae) = name
  • rip = learn
  • nim (mae) = water
  • zjeosm (lek) = wife
  • keokeortjar = strict
  • gdeoz = to think
  • eobak (mae) 'greeting'
  • muk 'bad'
  • fljeongar 'round'
  • vael 'I (formal)' (< yavvál 'servant')
  • vaelur 'we (formal)'
  • bjaels 'state'
  • vjeorkun 'Varquun'
  • blotp /blotp/ 'tongue, language' (Myuftseezh blotp < Proto-Ftseezhic blōtp < Proto-Myuftseezh *blātʼpʼ)
  • rjeonmok /rjʌnmok/ 'hero (often used ironically)' < Varquun rannammókk "raven-joy", i.e. warrior
  • eotijeo = prove < Varquun atiyah 'prove, demonstrate'
  • Xi tat wegar mae gzeos fae mydar mae gzeos, klje xjod kyks pju. = 'I mixed the blue liquid and the orange liquid, and then there was an explosion.'
  • Si o xi-kveo tsjatmaengal! = Not my president!
  • ke = ovum, genesis (Varquun kké 'egg')
  • bljedin = theorem
  • hveol 'question particle' < kʷa-ləy; kjom 'for' < q'əw, mul 'keep' < muyλay
  • Vae-ingk o [name] / Xi-ingk o [name] = My name is [name]
  • Ziveo ti xa jaeg tvi kjo ngeo doz = Happy birthday!
  • tamil = Tamil (Proto-Clofabic)
  • tamizj = *t a m i l* (the Dravidian one; not used in-universe)

Avoid

  • feok, keont

To translate

Orthography

Phonology

Tsjoen has an average-sized (~25, depending on who's counting) consonant inventory and a rather large (10) vowel inventory.

Consonants

IlL/Spare pages 1/5 consonants
  Labial Alveolar Lateral Medial Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ tj /t͡ɕ/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ dj /d͡ʑ/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless f /f/ s /s/ sj /ɧ/ hj /ç/ h /h/
voiced v /v~w/ z /z/
Affricate ts /ts/ tsj /tʂ/
Resonant w /w/ r /r/ l /l/ zj /ɹ/ j /j/

Notes

  • t d h are pronounced like tj dj hj before /i/ and /y/.

Vowels

Tsjoen has 10 vowel phonemes. There are no diphthongs.

Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ y /y/ eu /ɯ/ u /u/
Close-mid e /e/ oe /ø~œ/ o /o/
Open-mid ae /ɛ/ eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open a /a/

Some linguists consider eu to actually be a non-palatalizing allophone of i.

eo is reduced to [ə] in unstressed syllables.

Stress

Stress is always initial.

Phonotactics

  • The most common roots are C(v/j)V, C(v/j)VC(C), C(v/j)VC(C)V, C(v/j)VC(C)VC. (The initial C(v/j) is optional)
  • /ji, jɯ, vɯ, vu/ are prohibited.
  • Initial /ŋ/ is prohibited, as in both Sino-Korean and Swedish.

Intonation

Morphology

Syntax

Basic typology

Tsjoen grammar is mostly analytic and SVXO. Genitives and adjectives precede nouns: relative clauses follow nouns. Both pre- and postpositions are used.

Xi taek oseor eukng ti fjuxt.
I speak of love and hate.
Hveol ngeo mul kjom xi hi?
Are you saving it for me?
Baheod tjaleo.
Eagles exist.

Noun phrases

  1. $NOUN can mean both 'a $NOUN' and '$NOUNs'; in general, number distinctions cannot be made without a classifier.
  2. CLF $NOUN means 'the $NOUN' or 'the $NOUNs'; the number depends on whether the classifier is singular or plural.
  3. bae $CLF $NOUN means 'this $NOUN'; hjeo $CLF $NOUN means 'that $NOUN'.
  4. $ADJ $NOUN and $VERB fo $NOUN means 'an $ADJ $NOUN' or 'a $NOUN that $VERBs'.
  5. $NOUN CLF $REL_CLAUSE = 'a $NOUN $REL_CLAUSE; see the section on clauses.
  6. (With numbers) $NOUN $N CLF = '$N $NOUN(s)'; CLF $NOUN $N CLF = 'the $N $NOUN(s).

Verb phrases

Grammaticalization happens readily in Tsjoen, as evinced by the sheer number of auxiliaries and particles in the language.

TAM

Lots of TAM particles

  • progressive va < "be at/in" like Celtic
  • non-immediate future ho < "mean to"
  • almost < "approach"
  • overdo < "cross"
  • take the initiative to < "take"
  • try X-ing < "taste"
  • may < "get"
  • please < "be pleased to"

Serial verbs?

Clauses

The copula is o.

Relative clauses

Resumptive pronoun: lje

Miscellaneous

Poetry

A Tsjoen meter is a set number of syllables per line, commonly with a division of each line into (usually two) sub-lines of certain lengths.

Alliteration is essential in Tsjoen poetry; traditionally, one creates a sense of rhythm by using alliteration in certain patterns such as:

  1. the beginning syllables of sub-lines, e.g. in the pattern a ... | a ... or a ... | [...] | a ...
  2. syllables within lines or sub-lines, e.g. a a a _ ‖ b b b _ ‖ c c c _ ‖ d d d _
  3. the above two may be combined, e.g. a _ a ... | b _ b ... ‖ b _ b ... | c _ c ... ‖ c _ c ... | d _ d ...

Non-traditional assonance schemes are used in modern poetry and in whimsical, quasi-Hofstadterian "riddle poems".

An example of a couplet with 4+4-lines:

Tsals ftjud txeob reodj ‖ tsop hjaeg jeopng;
dusp ny mjav pnje, ‖ dvots lats fjeltjar.

"Telegraphic" syntax à la Classical Chinese, i.e. not using classifiers and grammatical particles, is relatively common in "classical" poetry.

Sample texts

Otsn, xi-ingk o Saxmatezj Svad, ti xi-blotp o Tsjoen-blotp.

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