User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4

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User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4/Swadesh list

4 (English: /ku:/, natively Kuam /kɨː/ (tone TBA)) is a language spoken in Bjeheond; it's related to Hlou. It is a monosyllabic tonal language inspired by Hmong and Irish. Like Irish, it has initial consonant mutations.

Todo

  • Explain: lexical mutation in Hlou, grammatical mutation in Ku
  • dor = to be born ~ Hlou Ndol 'person'

Phonology

4 has fewer initials and fewer vowels than Hlou, but more tones.

Phonotactics

C + V + tone

Initials

m n ny l r y = /m n ɲ l r j/

hm hn hny hl hr = /ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰl ʰr/

p t ts tx k q b d g = /p t ts tʃ k q b d g/

pl bl tl dl = clusters

ph th tsh txh kh qh bh dh gh = /f θ s ʃ x χ v ð ɣ/

phl bhl thl dhl

np nt nts ntx nk nq nb nd ng = /b d dz dʒ g G m n ŋ/

npl nbl ntl ndl

f s x h = /f s ʃ h/

nf ns nx = /v z ʒ/

v z j = /v z ʒ/

Rimes

a i u w e o aa ee oo ia ua = /a ɪ ə u e o oa ea au i ɨ/

Tones

11 tones: (tone letters should correspond to Hlou tones)

-0 -b -d -g -s -m -r -bh -dh -gh -mh

These tones come in pairs:

  • -b -d -g -m
  • -bh -dh -gh -mh
    • ~ Hlou tones -b, -d, -g, -n

"Entering" tones:

  • -0 -s -r
    • ~ Hlou tones -0, -s/-ß, -l

Grammar

Parts of speech are not very distinct from each other in 4. A content word will take clitics and possibly mutations depending on its syntactic function, which includes whether it serves as a noun, verb or an adverb.

Mutations