Tchwerian

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Tchwerian
???
Pronunciation[???]
Created byIlL
SettingHussmauch
Quihum
Language codes
ISO 639-3qwb
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tchwerian (brits Tşwer in Rhythoed, śwer Gein in Feiden) is a Pfeunic language with a large number of tones. Tchwerian is inspired by Hmong and Hungarian.

Todo

Clicks have to go

Numbers

  • 1: wahm /jɛŋ21/
  • 2: disser /tʂɨ41/
  • 3: narg /nɛʔ33/
  • 4: đauf /ǃy41/
  • 5: säl /si21/
  • 6: stuhm /tʂɔŋ55/
  • 7: rut /ʔɔʔ11/
  • 8: lerz /laː41/
  • 9: pfarb /pʰɛʔ44/
  • 10: kier /kʰiː55/

Historical phonology

Middle Wiebian

Middle Wiebian initials
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Click Velar Glottal
Nasal voiceless /m̊/ /n̊/ /ɳ̊/ /ŋ̊!/ /ŋ̊/
voiced /m/ /n/ /ɳ/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ/
Stop tenuis /p/ /t/ /ʈ/ /ǃ/ /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʈʰ/ /ǃʰ/ /kʰ/
voiced /b/ /d/ /ɖ/ /ɡǃ/ /ɡ/
Spirants voiceless /f/ /θ/ /ɧ/ /x/ /h/
voiced /ð/ /ɧ̬/ /ɣ/
Sibilants voiceless /s/ /ʂ/
voiced /z/ /ʐ/
Approximant voiceless /ʍ/ /l̥/
voiced /w/ /l/


Middle Wiebian vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close /i/ /iː/ /y/ /yː/ /u/ /uː/
Mid /e/ /eː/ /ø/ /øː/ /əː/ /ɔ/ /oː/
Open /æ/ /æː/ /ɑ/ /ɑː/

Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/

Tones:

  • (-p m)
  • (-p b)
  • (-p g)
  • (+p m)
  • (+p b)
  • (+p g)

Final changes

  • Vowels lengthen before ŋ: ɑŋ æŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ øŋ uŋ yŋ > ɑːŋ æːŋ eːŋ iːŋ oːŋ øːŋ uːŋ yːŋ
  • -ŋ! > -ŋ
  • stops > ʔ; nasals > ŋ

Retroflex/slender split

  • ɑ merger with ɔ, ɑː merger with aː
  • ai ~ iː > iː in open syllables, aː in closed syllables
  • a(ː) ~ ja(ː) > a(ː)
  • e ~ je/i > ei
  • əː ~ eː > ɛ
  • au ~ ay > ɔ
  • o(ː) ~ ø(ː) > œ
  • u(ː) ~ y(ː) > y
  • u(ː)a ~ y(ː)a > uː
  • uo ~ yø > ou
  • aiɐ ~ iːa > ja
  • auɐ ~ oyɐ > wa
  • ʔ > ʔ / r
  • k > k / t͡ɕ
  • ʈ > k / tʂ
  • θ > ʂ / t
  • ! > ! / |
  • ɧ > r / r
  • t > tʂ / ts
  • p > p / pj
  • n > ɳ / n
  • ɳ > ŋ
  • l > l / l or j depending on dialect
  • r > l

Phonemic inventory

In this article, the phonemic values are also given in a pinyin.

Initials

Feisen Wiebian initials
Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Click Palatal Velar Glottal
plain pal. dental retroflex
Nasal m /m/ mj /mʲ/ n /n/ nzy /ŋǀ/ ny /ŋ!/ ng /ŋ/
Stop/Affricate tenuis b /p/ bj /pʲ/ dz /ts/ d /t/ dzs /ʈʂ/ dzy /ǀ/ gy /ǃ/ dzj /tɕ/ g /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated p /pʰ/ pj /pʰʲ/ c /tsʰ/ t /tʰ/ cs /ʈʂʰ/ cy /ǀʰ/ ty /ǃʰ/ cj /tɕʰ/ k /kʰ/
Fricative f /f/ sz /s/ s /ʂ/ szj /ɕ/ ch /x/ h /h/
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ j /j/

Vowels

Tchwerian vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded short long
Close i /i/ ü /y/ [ɨ] [ɨː] u /u/
Mid e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/
Open a /a/ á /aː/

Diphthongs: é ő ó /ei øy ou/; /eiŋ øyŋ ouŋ/ = [eŋ~ẽĩ øŋ~ø̃ỹ oŋ~õũ]

Allowed finals -w, -j, -ʔ, -ŋ; øj, øw > øy. The pinyin indicates the nasal final by doubling the vowel letter.

Notes
  • /i/ and /y/ retract to [ɨ] after retroflexes and retroflex clicks.
  • Glottal stop and nasal finals may assimilate to the next consonant.

Tones

Feisen Wiebian has 10 tones.

Tchwerian tone reflexes from Middle Wiebian (1 = lowest; 5 = highest)
  Modal final Breathy final Glottalized final Stop final
Voiceless initial -phar 55 -s 53 -t 44 -tt ʔ44
+phar -l 424 -f 35 -d 33 -dd ʔ33
Voiced initial -phar -n 21 -z 31
+phar -z 31 -v 13 -b 11 -bb ʔ11

Morphology

Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs

Syntax