Persiran

This language was created to be spoken in the fictional country of Persirus, which is in eastern europe.

Background

The vocabulary of Persiran is probably 95% from French words. The other 5% are from English, Czech, Russian, or other languages in eastern europe.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Epiglottal	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Plosive	p b			t d				k
Fricative		f v		s z	ʃ ʒ				ʁ
Affricate				t͡s	t͡ʃ
Approximant							j
Trill
Flap or tap
Lateral fric.
Lateral app.				l		ɭ
Lateral flap

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

Phonotactics

Any consonant cluster is allowed, without needing a vowel. For example, "knmplrtza" is allowed, although it is not common to see more than three or four consecutive consonants together. The most common consonant cluster is "sk", and usually two consonants will be consecutive if they are from different syllables. Additionally, one letter words that only consist of a consonant are also allowed. For example, if the word "d" precedes a word that begins with a consonant, it will be pronounced like an "e" is at the end, but it will be an extremely short sound. However, if it precedes a word that begins with a vowel, it will flow into the pronunciation of that word, similar to how "l'eau" would be pronounced in french.

Vowel clusters are not allowed, unless a "j" is used to separate them.

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns are made up of three parts: the root, the case/voice, and the number.

Root

The root of a noun, is the part that holds the meaning.

Case / Voice

The case/voice part of a noun indicates if the noun is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the actor (when a sentence is written in passive voice). The case/voice is represented by an affix that is infixated inside the root of the noun. You can't decide where to infixate the affix in the root, there is a certain place to do so that you just have to memorize for each word.

Nominative*	Accusative	Dative	Object of Prep.	Actor (in passive voice)
a/e/i	u	o	uj	oj

* Dictionary form always utilises nominative case, and can either be an "a", "e", or "i". Exceptions: gerunds and adjectives that become nouns

Number

There are 3 different numbers for nouns: singular, plural, and zero (if there is none of something). They are represented by an affix that is added to the end of the noun. The dictionary form will be in singular. There are 10 different endings for number that may change differently.

singular (1)	Plural (>1)	Zero (0)
a	aje	o
e	eje	o
i	ije	o
ć	š	ću
č	š	ču
sk	č	sko
il	oje	ol
on	omie	op
el	elš	elo
av	avš	avo

Examples

Makašme (dictionary form of "store")

root a	case/voice	root b	number
mak	a	šm	e

This means, that the infix "a", meaning nominative case (subject) was infixed inside "makšm", which is followed by "e" meaning it is singular.

To change the case/voice and number, just swap out the affixes for different ones.

For example, to say "store" as in "i'm going to some stores" (object of preposition and plural), add the corresponding affixes ("uj" and "eje")

Mak + uj + šm + eje = Makujšmeje

Šemisk (dictionary form of "shirt")

root a	case/voice	root b	number
š	e	mi	sk

So, the nominative affix is "e", and the singular affix is "sk".

To change it to "shirt" as in "i have no shirts", you would the corresponding affixes for accusative case and zero as the number ("u" and "sko")

Š + u + mi + sko = Šumisko

Verbs

There are no conjugations for person, but there is verb aspect, tense, and voice.

Tense

Tense is represented by an affix and is the first one to be added onto the root of the verb (which holds the meaning). Dictionary form always is in present tense.

Present	Past	Future
ej	oj	aj

Voice

Voice is the 2nd affix to be added to the end of the verb. Active voice is assumed by default, so no affix is needed for it. However, there are affixes for middle voice (reflexive) and passive voice.
**Never in Dictionary Form**

Middle	Passive
oč	oš

Aspect

Aspect is the final thing to be added onto the verb. Aspect affixes are only needed in the continuous (be + -ing), habitual (used to...), and iterative (re- as in rewrite) aspects.
**Never in Dictionary Form**

Continuous	Habitual*	Iterative
a	eš	aso

* Habitual aspect is only used in past tense (oj)

Examples

• Etrej : "to be", this is dictionary form so it's in present tense

• Etroj : "was"
• Etroješ : "used to be"

• Ekrijej : "to write"

• Ekrijoja : "was writing"
• Ekrijaj : "will write" / "going to write"
• Ekrijajaso : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"