High Dutch/Orthography
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High Dutch orthography is the orthography used in writing the High Dutch language, which is largely phonemic.
Alphabet
The modern German alphabet consists of the twenty-six letters of the Wikipedia:ISO basic Latin alphabet plus three special letters, and twelve more letter with diacritics.
Basic alphabet
| IPA | Name (IPA) | Variant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | a | /ɑ/ | /a/ | |
| B | b | /b/ | /bə/ | |
| C | c | /k/,/s/ | /sə/ | |
| G | g | /ɣ/ | /ɣə/ | Ɡɡ |
| D | d | /d/ | /də/ | |
| E | e | /e/,/ə/ | /ej/ | |
| F | f | /f/ | /ef/ | |
| Z | z | /z/ | /d͡zə/ | |
| H | h | /ɦ/ | /ɦeː/ | |
| I | i | /ɪ/ | /ɛɪ̯/ | |
| J | j | /j/ | /jɔt/ | |
| K | k | /k/ | /kə/ | |
| L | l | /l/ | /l̩/ | ŀ |
| M | m | /m/ | /m̩/ | |
| N | n | /n/ | /n̩/ | |
| O | o | /ɔ/ | /ɔʁ/ | |
| P | p | /p/ | /peː/ | |
| Q | q | /x/ | /xʷeː/ | |
| R | r | ʁ | əɐ̯ | ꞅ |
| S | s | /s/ | /eːs/ | ſ |
| T | t | /t/ | /tə/ | |
| U | u | /ʊ/ | /jʊ/ | |
| V | v | /v/ | /veː/ | |
| W | w | /w/ | /duːbl̩ veː/ | |
| Y | y | /ʏ/ | /ʏ ˈpsɪlon/ | ü |
| X | x | /ks/ | /eːks/ | ks |
Special letters
High Dutch orthography contain 15 speacial letters, 12 of which are letter with diacritics
| IPA | Name (IPA) | Variant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ŀ1 | Ŀ | /l/ | /stiˈp:l̩ l̩/ | l |
| Я | ꞛ | /ɛ/ | /ɛ/ | è |
| ẞ | ß | /st͡s/ | /sxaˈfəs es/ | sz |
1 used in digraph <ŀl> to represent geminated [lː] while <ll> represent palatalized [ʎ]
Diacritics
There are 5 different diacritics in High Dutch language