High Dutch/Orthography

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High Dutch orthography is the orthography used in writing the High Dutch language, which is largely phonemic.

Alphabet

The modern German alphabet consists of the twenty-six letters of the Wikipedia:ISO basic Latin alphabet plus three special letters, and twelve more letter with diacritics.

Basic alphabet

IPA Name (IPA) Variant
A a /ɑ/ /a/
B b /b/ /bə/
C c /k/,/s/ /sə/
G g /ɣ/ /ɣə/ Ɡɡ
D d /d/ /də/
E e /e/,/ə/ /ej/
F f /f/ /ef/
Z z /z/ /d͡zə/
H h /ɦ/ /ɦeː/
I i /ɪ/ /ɛɪ̯/
J j /j/ /jɔt/
K k /k/ /kə/
L l /l/ /l̩/ ŀ
M m /m/ /m̩/
N n /n/ /n̩/
O o /ɔ/ /ɔʁ/
P p /p/ /peː/
Q q /x/ /xʷeː/
R r ʁ əɐ̯
S s /s/ /eːs/ ſ
T t /t/ /tə/
U u /ʊ/ /jʊ/
V v /v/ /veː/
W w /w/ /duːbl̩ veː/
Y y /ʏ/ /ʏ ˈpsɪlon/ ü
X x /ks/ /eːks/ ks

Special letters

High Dutch orthography contain 15 speacial letters, 12 of which are letter with diacritics

IPA Name (IPA) Variant
Ŀ1 ŀ /l/ /stiˈp:l̩ l̩/ l
Я /ɛ/ /ɛ/ è
ß /st͡s/ /sxaˈfəs es/ sz

1 used in digraph <ŀl> to represent geminated [] while <ll> represent palatalized [ʎ]

Diacritics

There are 5 different diacritics in High Dutch language

Umlaut
Acute accent
Hungarumlaut
Grave accent
Circumflex

Polygraphs

Use of special letters

See also

Footnotes