User:Chrysophylax/Idephines
My latest chamlang, in the style of Dhannuá being "plausibly Celtic" at first glance, this shall be "plausibly at first glance" a mystical love child of Proto-Greek and Proto-Albanian, avec dashes of liquamen. It is named after the Boeotian word for sweet-voiced, ἴδηφιν.
A Tentative Chronological Order of Sound Change
The elimination of the laryngeals and their effect on nearby vowels
Hoffman's Law (i)
Not unlike Cowgill's law in the Germanic branch, there appears to be occasional consonant reflexes of certain laryngeals in Dephinian. The sound change, called Hoffman's law (sometimes Hoffman-Cowgill) after Maribel Hoffman's discovery (Hoffman 1988: 201 n. 2) that either Cowgill's law or something very similar to it operates to a certain extent in some Dephinian words albeit with the modification that the reflex is voiced, i.e. *g and not *k (as in Germanic).
- PIE *gʷih₃wós > *gʷigwós > *gʷígʷus > Deph βιφος /ˈbipʰos/ (with analogical lowering of the nominative ending vowel, cf. βιφων acc.)
This sound change must predate the change of the labiovelars to labials, as there is no attested **βιυς /biːus/ which would be the regular outcome of a form **bíh₃wós with intervocalic w- and laryngeal deletion.
Misc. changes pilfered from Proto-Albanian and Proto-Greek
- /s/ > /χ/ \ V_V, _R /s/ > /θ/ \ _V, /χ/ \ -_k-, /θ/ \ -_d-, /ʃ/ \ [r u̯ k i̯]_V, /i̯/ \ V̄_#
- /y/ > /dy/ \ #_
- θυγον thúgon 'yoke' < *čúgon < *dyúgon < PIE *yugóm
- Loss of final stop consonants
- P, T, K > 0 \ _#
- /m/ > /n/ \ _#
- /h₁/, /h₂/, /h₃/ > /e/ /a/ /o/ \ V_V, _C
- ενεν énen 'name' < PIE *h₁nómn̥-,
- CRHC > CRēC, CRāC, CrōC [1-2-3]
- laryngeal colouring and compensatory lengthening of following vowels
Plosives
- /p/ > /p/
- /t/ > /t/
- /ty/ > /θ/
- /k/ > /k/, /χ/ \#_R,
- "/b/" > /b/
- /d/ > /d/,
- /g/ > /g/
- /bʱ/ > /b/, /ph/ \ R_, V_V, #_R
- φρατηρ phrā́tēr 'brother' < PIE *bʰréh₂tēr
- /dh/ > /d/, /th/ \ R_, V_V,
- /dhy/ > /θ/ \ #_V
- θαν thān 'thought' < PIE *dhyeh₂-mn̥-
- /gʱ/ > /g/, /χ/ \ R_, V_V, /khy/ > /čč/ > /θ/ \ #_
- /gʷ/ > /b/
- βορι bori 'hill' < PIE *gʷor̥, o-grade of *gʷr̩H—,
- /gʷ/ > /T/ \ _e
- /gʱʷ/ > /pʰ/ \ R_, V_V, /b/
- ωφες ōphes 'serpent' < PIE *h₃egʰʷis
- /kʷ/ > /p/
- πις pis 'who' < PIE *kʷis
- /kʰʷ/ > /pʰ/ \ R_, V_V, /p/
- /ḱ/ > /θ/ \ _e
- θεμμι thémmi 'I say, I talk' < PIE *ḱéh₁mi
Pilfered from Aeolic
- VhR (from *s) > VRR, where R = l n r m w y
- Mostly athematic inflection (-mi set)
- Athematic infinitive in -menai, thematic in -men
- barytonesis, jump of accent.
- θυγον thúgon vs. PIE *yugóm
Resonants
- /r̩/ > /ri/ \ _[s ʃ θ], _#; e.g. Ideph. riθos < *ŕ̥θos (<*arθós) < *h₂r̥ḱθos < PIE *h₂r̥tḱos
- /r̩/ > /ir/ \ _C; e.g. Ideph. χirtus < Pre-Idephin *χr̥tus < PIE *kr̥tus
- /l̩/ > /al/ \ _R
- /l̩/ > /l/ \ V_C Ideph. ulpos < PIE *u̯ĺ̥kʷos
- /l̩/ > /la/ \ _C
Vowels
- /o/ > /u/ \ R_+labial ; e.g. νυιψ nyps 'night' < *nūps < *núpts < PIE *nókʷt-s
/o/ > /a//ō/ > /o/ϝηχωρ vḗχōr 'sister' < *vḗχōr < *χwéχōr < PIE *swésōr- /u/ > /u/
- /ū/ > /y/
- /e/ > /je/ \R_C dial. ϝιήθηρ vjḗthēr < *χwéθtēr < dial. PIE *swéstēr by analogy with *bʰréh₂tēr
- /e/ > /e/
- /i/ > /i/
- /i/ > /e/ \w_C;
- /ī/ > /i/ viros < *vī́ros < *wíHros < PIE *wiHrós
leykʷ-
V.1
| Present stem, active | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1ary indic. | |||||
| 1 sg. | nemmi < *linékʷmi | ||||
| 2 sg. | nepthi < *linékʷsi | ||||
| 3 sg. | nepti < *linékʷti | ||||
| 1 pl. | pimos < *inpimós < *linkʷm̥ós | ||||
| 2 pl. | nipte < *nipte < iṇpté < *linkʷté | ||||
| 3 pl. | penti | ||||
| participle | ponts, pintes, ponthia, pinthās | ||||
V.2
| Present stem, active | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1ary indic. | |||||
| 1 sg. | linemmi < *linékʷmi | ||||
| 2 sg. | linepthi < *linékʷsi | ||||
| 3 sg. | linepti < *linékʷti | ||||
| 1 pl. | limpimos < *inpimós < *linkʷm̥ós | ||||
| 2 pl. | linipte < *nipte < iṇpté < *linkʷté | ||||
| 3 pl. | limpenti | ||||
| participle | ponts, pintes, ponthia, pinthās | ||||
Modern Ideph. ?
/θ/ > /s/ / #_, /z/ \ V_V