A conlang lekma /ˈleχmɐ/ is a destination, which was mere a waypoint, my reason to constructure a miniature language is, to make it is to learn about languages, also the knowledge can much affect it, so it is always under construction.
The structure is as follows, a connection/focused word + an agent × an object × a verb + a subject/topic × a particle.
± attribution type
|
adnoun + noun. // adverb + verb. // noun + adnoun clause. //verb + adverb clause. // noun + adjectifier + main noun. // prefix + noun. // noun + suffix. // noun + suffix + adjectifier + main noun. // affix × noun + particle. // particle + affix × noun. // affix × noun + adjectifier + main noun + particle. // sub clause + main clause.
|
Phonology
Consonants
|
Bilabial
|
Labio-dental
|
Dental
|
Alveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Uvular
|
Glottal
|
Nasal
|
m
|
|
|
n
|
ɳ
|
ɲ
|
ŋ
|
|
|
Plosive
|
p b
|
|
|
t d
|
|
|
k g
|
|
ʔ
|
Affricate
|
|
|
|
t͡s
|
ʈ͡ʂ
|
t͡ɕ
|
|
|
|
Fricative
|
|
f
|
θ
|
s // ʃ
|
ʂ
|
ɕ
|
|
χ
|
ɦ
|
Approximant
|
|
ʋ
|
|
|
|
j
|
|
|
|
Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ʀ
|
|
Flap or tap
|
|
|
|
ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lateral app.
|
|
|
|
l
|
|
ʎ
|
|
|
|
Vowels
|
Front
|
Near-front
|
Central
|
Near-back
|
Back
|
Close
|
i y
|
|
ɨ
|
|
ɯ u
|
Mid-open
|
e ø
|
|
ɐ
|
|
ʌ o
|
Open
|
|
|
ä
|
|
|
Lengthened vowels
|
Front
|
Near-front
|
Central
|
Near-back
|
Back
|
Close
|
iː yː
|
|
|
|
uː
|
Mid-open
|
eː øː
|
|
|
|
oː
|
Open
|
|
|
äː
|
|
|
=== Phonotactics ===
± phonotactics *development
|
|
C
|
V
|
C
|
|
k t lh sr ɲ ŋ
|
a:allophone;â á:allophones;ae;ai;oa e é:allophones;ei;é;ea i î í o ö:allophones;eu;oi ó:allophone;ou u ü ú:allophones;;ue;ua;uo
|
ɲ ŋ h tz cz t ns −vowel length lk −vowel length ks sk
|
|
Morphemes
± It is applied inter parts of speech
|
- s-
- n-
- a-
- -a
- -e
- -s
- -as
- -es
- -n
- -en
- -ns
- -ens
- -r
- -l
- -t
- -d
|
- -ls
- -ts
- -ds
- -er
- -el
- -et
- -at
- -ad
- -els
- -ets
- -ats
- -ads
- -nd
- -nt
- -nds
- -nts
|
===Declension===
noun root
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
gloss
|
|
the agent of a transitive verb
|
the subject/locative of an intransitive verb
|
the direct/indirect object of a verb
|
possessive form
|
plural form
|
plural possessive form
|
|
uac/ʋɐk/
|
sac/sɐk/
|
nac/nɐk/
|
uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]
|
uacs/ʔäks/
|
sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/
|
uacens/ʔäːgens/
|
I
|
uue/ʋyː/
|
sue/syː/
|
nue/nyː/
|
uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]
|
uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]
|
suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/
|
uuens/ʔyːens/
|
You
|
hia/ɦiä/
|
hiasae/ɦiäsäe/
|
hianae/ɦiänäe/
|
hia/ɦiä/
|
hias/ɦiäs/
|
sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/
|
hians/ɦiäns/
|
They (singular)
|
hae/ʋäe/
|
haesae/ʔäesäe/
|
haenae/ʔäenäe/
|
hae/ʔae/
|
haes/ʔäes/[ʔäis]
|
saen/säen/,naen/näen/,haen/ʔäen/[ʔäin]
|
àens/ʔaens/
|
Thing
|
===Conjugation===
verb root
|
indicative form
|
subjunctive form
|
connective form
|
noun-like form
|
gloss
|
|
present/habitual
|
the motion is futural
|
-ing, /if
|
the motion is incomplete
|
the motion is completed
|
|
sel/sel/
|
ser/sel/,[seɾ]
|
seat/seɦät/
|
sad/säːt/
|
selnd/selindɐ/
|
selnt/selint/
|
be
|
bal/bäl/
|
bar/bäl/,[bäɾ]
|
baat/päɦät/
|
bad/päːt/
|
balnd/pälindɐ/[bäˈindɐ]
|
balnt/pälint/[bäˈint]
|
have
|
tel/tel/
|
ter/tel/,[teɾ]
|
teat/teɦät/
|
tad/täːt/
|
telnd/telindɐ/[teˈindɐ]
|
telnt/telint/[teˈint]
|
hang,raise
|
Made texts
*development
Swadesh list
± reading basis *development /visual basis
|
- I: kkac /uac
- you (singular): kküe /uue
- he: hhonn /han
- we: kkácen /nacen
- you (plural): kküeen /uuen
- they: hhia /hia
- this : torce /toc,hia,dui
- that: kkáe /hae
- here: tocma /tcm
- there: kkaema /aem
- who: hhia,lhia /lia
- what: kva /kva
- where: kvime /kvm
- when: kvatzuí /kvn
- how: kvamuí /kvi
- not: né /nei
- all: àen /aen
- many: àens /aens
- some: de àen /duiaen
- few: làes /leas
- other: né daes /neidae
- one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa
- two: tzue /dva
- three: mal /mal
- four: cut /cut
- five: unal /hal
- big: lhens /uncertain
- long: naelhens /uncertain
- wide: daesbala /uncertain
- thick: bala /uncertain
- heavy: né fie /neifias
- small: uncertain /tis
- short: kul /uncertain
- narrow: tis /tsm
- thin: kadtis /uncertain
- woman: lhúa /lua
- man (adult male): lhúa /lua
- man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo
- child: uncertain /tisluo
- wife: uncertain /mama dae kús
- husband: uncertain /tata dae kús
- mother: máma /mam
- father: táta /tat
- animal: this /uncertain
- fish: fisk /fsk
- bird: tofie /tfl
- dog: cúon /chn
- louse: uncertain /lus
- snake: uncertain /lam
- worm: hhom /orm
- tree: uncertain /bim
- forest: uncertain /bsk
- stick: baunel /uncertain
- fruit: fam /flm
- seed: fam /sem
- leaf: hhüo /lif
- root: lád /lad
- bark (of a tree): uncertain /blk
- flower: uncertain /lili
- grass: ladlili /uncertain
- rope: sinn /uncertain
- skin: bäl /uncertain
- meat: salk /slk
- blood: salk /uncertain
- bone: lám /uncertain
- fat (noun): bét /fat
- egg: ais /uncertain
- horn: kol /krn
- tail: lámen /lam
- feather: fie /fli
- hair: tetr /khr
- head: uncertain /cab
- ear: olhen /orh
- eye: ain /oin
- nose: nes /nez
- mouth: uncertain /lif
- tooth: tzann /fnc
- tongue (organ): tzann /zau
- fingernail: tzann /fau
- foot: uncertain /bam
- leg: uncertain /bam
- knee: baim /uncertain
- hand: tec /tek
- wing: fiem /fli
- belly: mac /uncertain
- guts: mac /uncertain
- neck: nec /uncertain
- back: tzüc /ruc
- breast: bec /fec
- heart: kel /kor
- liver: kel /uncertain
- to drink: sifel /drk
- to eat: nem /nhm
- to bite: tzaunel /tnf
- to suck: sifel /uncertain
- to spit: nemel /uncertain
- to vomit: tue dae nems /uncertain
- to blow: bolel /uncertain
- to breathe: nesel /uncertain
- to laugh: hrak /rch
- to see: vis /ver
- to hear: sanhel /oir
- to know: can /cna
- to think: canel /dik
|
- to smell: nesel /uncertain
- to fear: bai /uncertain
- to sleep: bei /slf
- to live: súmel /uncertain
- to die: né súmel /meisumel
- to kill: sral /uncertain
- to fight: sral /uncertain
- to hunt: sral /uncertain
- to hit: láb /lfn
- to cut: kul /uncertain
- to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval
- to stab: binn /uncertain
- to scratch: skilel /uncertain
- to dig: binn /nem
- to swim: uncertain /svi
- to fly: uncertain /fei
- to walk: salkel /uncertain
- to come: hhim /clm
- to lie (as in a bed): lob /uncertain
- to sit: sidel /set
- to stand: hrec /tnd
- to turn (intransitive): silkel /uncertain
- to fall: feiel /fei
- to give: túe /tue
- to hold: hrantel /uncertain
- to squeeze: tzecal /uncertain
- to rub: vask /uncertain
- to wash: vask /uncertain
- to wipe: vaskel /vsk
- to pull: tec /uncertain
- to push: tec,ffon /uncertain
- to throw: tue toc náe /uncertain
- to tie: ticel /bnd
- to sew: ffinticel /uncertain
- to count: teltzif /uncertain
- to say: srua /seu
- to sing: séunel /seu
- to play: bil /sfl
- to float: lom /flt
- to flow: ae /flt
- to freeze: íelel /iel
- to swell: rcol /uncertain
- sun: hrá /uncertain
- moon: daehrá /mun
- star: lucz /trl
- water: súm /sumi
- rain: lein /rcn
- river: léne /len
- lake: léne /len
- sea: léneen /len
- salt: sala /slt
- stone: shè /stn
- sand: sahr /snd
- dust: hroma /uncertain
- earth: thi /nulmaf
- cloud: küt /sku
- fog: küt /foc
- sky: séo /sulmaf
- wind: fendas /vnd
- snow: nívas /snu
- ice: íelen /ais
- smoke: féu /feo
- fire: féu /feo
- ash: daeféu /uncertain
- to burn: tocféu tue /feol
- road: vei /vec
- mountain: uncertain /mon
- red: hrot /rod
- green: léu /crn
- yellow: col /clb
- white: hrát /vit
- black: dal /blc
- night: dal /nkt
- day: dis /dac
- year: iálen /zuames
- warm: nôk /vrm
- cold: íels /chl
- full: buk /ful
- new: bil /uncertain
- old: né bil /uncertain
- good: hhim /bim
- bad: né hhim /uncertain
- rotten: tocel nae /uncertain
- dirty: mud /uncertain
- straight: bim /uncertain
- round: kadbal /uncertain
- sharp (as a knife): dis /uncertain
- dull (as a knife): dos /uncertain
- smooth: dilel /uncertain
- wet: súmmuí /vods
- dry: sekal /sek
- correct: bim /uncertain
- near: tocmas /uncertain
- far: naemas /uncertain
- right: hris /rkt
- left: chol /lnk
- at: tzúi /zui,tui
- in: lhea /ins
- with: múi /mui
- and: e,elk /elk
- if: o,sôm /som
- because: fúi /kar
- name: námel /nam
|