Brusing/Middle

Brusing (Brūsingisca taca /brùːsɪŋgiska tàka/) is an Oselo-Bruso-Thedic language that emphasizes the non-Germanic aspects of the subbranch. It is inspired by Sanskrit and Old English.

Todo

assign tone

• tāla (f) = sequence, row; a musical term

a e i u ā ē ī ū ei eu ai au āi ēi āu ēu ->
a e i u ā ē ī ū ūi ē āe ōe āe ūi ōe ē
i want ū to become ȳ
u-umlaut:
o œ y u ō œ­̄ ȳ ū ū œ̄ ōe ūi ōe ū ūi œ̄
suHnus -> *sūnus -> sūn "son"

• h₂elut "beer" -> *aluð -> olu
  

that sounds like estonian õlu
CVCuC words get the u if the V is short

Proto-Brusing:

Avis ðersaiwa

Avis, dat welnān natāra, spāða ðersuos: ainan kerrun wāðnan teuðanda, ainanwa mahsalān kerriðān, ainanwa ðumana sneuman paranda.

Grammar

Nouns

Brusing nouns had 6 cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and locative.

o-stems

wèlg 'wolf (m.)' (< *wḷkʷós)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wèlg	wèlge
Genitive	wèlges	wèlgan
Dative	wèlge	wèlgum
Accusative	wèlg	wèlgu
Ablative	wèlget	wèlges
Locative	wèlge	wèlgus

þánd 'child (n.)' (< *ǵénh₁tom)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	þánd	þánda
Genitive	þándes	þándan
Dative	þánde	þándum
Accusative	þánd	þánda
Ablative	þándet	þándes
Locative	þánde	þándus

eh2-stems

árda 'earth (f.)' (< *h₁érteh₂)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	árda	árdas
Genitive	árdas	árdan
Dative	árde	árdum
Accusative	árda	árdu
Ablative	árde	árdes
Locative	árde	árdus

i- and u-stems

The i-stems and u-stems merge in Classical Brusing.

bǣd 'tyrant, despot (m.)' (< *potis)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bǣd	bǣdus
Genitive	bǣdus	bǣdian
Dative	bǣdu	bǣdum
Accusative	bǣd	bǣdi
Ablative	bǣdus	bǣdis
Locative	bǣdu	bǣdis

glōst 'load (f.)' (< **kleh₂-s-tus)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	glōst	glōstus
Genitive	glōstus	glōstian
Dative	glōstu	glōstum
Accusative	glōst	glōsti
Ablative	glōstus	glōstis
Locative	glōstu	glōstis

ih2-stems

wǣsti (POBT wostiyā) = clothing

n-stems

nāma 'name (n.)' (< POBT *nomṇ)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	nāma	nāmana
Genitive	nǣmanas	nāmanan
Dative	nǣmunu	nāmunum
Accusative	nāma	nāmana
Ablative	nǣmanas	nāmanis
Locative	nǣmane	nāmanis

Likewise: wāta 'water', ðarta 'heart'

Athematics

perc 'city (f.)' (< *bʰṛgʰs)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	perc	percas
Genitive	percas	percan
Dative	percu	percum
Accusative	perca	percas
Ablative	percas	percis
Locative	perce	percus

Pronouns

ec, dū, is/ia/id, wīs, jūs, ūi/ias/īa

Adjectives

Adjectives decline for number, gender, case and definiteness.

The following is the inflection of cāt 'good', from PIE *gʰōdʰ-os. When a box shows three forms, the forms are in the order masculine, feminine, neuter.

cāt 'good'; indefinite declension

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cāt cāta cāt	cāte cātas cāta
Genitive	cātes cātas cātes	cātan
Dative	cāte	cātum
Accusative	cāt cāta cāt	cātu cātu cāta
Ablative	cātet cāte cātet	cātes
Locative	cāte	cātus

cāt 'good'; definite declension

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cāta	cātunus cātunus cātana
Genitive	cātanas	cātanan
Dative	cātunu	cātunum
Accusative	cātana cātana cāta	cātani cātani cātana
Ablative	cātanas	cātanis
Locative	cātane	cātanis

Verbs

Unlike in Thedic languages, all verbs use the athematic endings in Brusing.

Verbs are negated by prefixing na-. (TODO: sandhi)

Verbs had five tenses: present, imperfect, aorist, perfect, and future.

The irrealis tenses are: subjunctive, optative, imperfective imperative, and aorist imperative.

Brusing also had a passive voice, inherited from PIE.

e/o-thematics

spaðan 'to see'

• Present: spaðem, spaðas, spaðad, spaðum, spaðad, spaðand
• Imperfect: aspað, aspaðast, aspað, aspaðum, aspaðad, aspaðer
• Aorist: aspās, aspāst, aspās, aspassum, aspassad, aspasser
• Perfect: spāð, spāst, spāð, spāðum, spāðad, spāðer
• Future: spassem, spassas, spassad, spassum, spassad, spassand
• Imperative: -, spað, spastu, spaðum, spaðad, spaðandu

éye-verbs

tārajan 'to pain, to grieve'

• Present: tārajem, tārajas, tārajad, tārajum, tārajad, tārajand