User:Ashucky/Sketches

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Sumerian conlang

Phonology

Bilabial Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m [m] n [n] ĝ [ŋ]
Plosive p [pʰ/p] b [p/b] t [tʰ/t] d [t/d] k [kʰ/k] g [k/g]
Fricative s [s] š [ʃ] h [x]
Affricate z [t͡s] (r̂ [t͡sʰ])
Approximant (y/i [j] ?) (w/u [w] ?)
Trill r [r/ɾ]
Flap or tap (r̂ ?)
Lateral app. l [l]


Front Back
Close i [i] (ī [i:] ?) u [u] (ū [u:] ?)
Mid e [e] (ē [e:]?) (o [o] (ō [o:] ?) ?)
Open a [a] (ā [a:] ?)

Grammar

Nouns

Characteristics

NOMINAL CHAIN:
1) [NOUN] + [ADJECTIVE + POSSESSIVE/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN + PLURAL (e)ne] + [CASE]

2) [PRONOUN] + [CASE]

Cases
Substantives
Case Suffixes Notes
Human Non-h.
Genitive -ak/-a/-k
Ergative -e subject of transitive verbs (agent)
Absolutive subject of intransitive verbs (argument); object of transitive verbs (patient)
Dative -ra -/? indirect object; complementary with locative (or directive?) for non-human
Directive -/? -e > -ye? motion arriving at, position next to; indirect obejct (non-human)
Locative -/? -a > -ya? motion into, position inside; rarely used for human
Locative 2 -/? -ne
Terminative -še motion towards
Adverbiative -eš in the manner of < "how?"
Ablative -ta place/time from where (non-human); instrument; from the place of X (human)
Comitative -da with/and, in company
Equative -gen like/as
Declension
Declension
Case king (h) mother (h) tree (n) city (n) kings (h) mothers (h)
Genitive lugala(k) ama(k) ĝeša(k) eri(k) lugalene(k) amane(k)
Ergative lugale amae/amā ĝeše erie/erī lugalene amane
Absolutive lugal ama ĝeš eri (lugalen) (aman)
Dative lugalra/lugalar amar(a) - - lugalener(a) amaner(a)
Directive (lugalye) (amaye) ĝešye eriye (lugaleneye) (amaneye)
Locative (lugalya) (amaya) ĝešya eriya (lugaleneya) (amaneya)
Terminative lugalše/lugalaš amaše ĝešše/ĝešaš eriše lugaleneše amaneše
Adverbiative lugaleš amaeš ĝešeš erieš lugalenēš amanēš
Ablative (lugalta) (amata) ĝešta erita (lugaleneta) (amaneta)
Comitative lugalda amada ĝešda erida lugaleneda amaneda
Equative lugalgen amagen ĝešgen erigen (lugalenegen) (amanegen)

Pronouns

Adjectives

Numerals

Verbs

Other

Vocabulary