Themsarian/Verbal subparadigms
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Semivowel stems
ı-stems
áubıî - attack, strike
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | áubiħar! | áubins! |
| 2 | áubi! | áubirs! | áubils! |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubıī | áubidir | áubima |
| 1.in | - | áubiħare | áubinse |
| 2 | áubir | áubirse | áubilse |
| 3/4.m | áubi | áubīr | áubivi |
| 3/4.f | áubīs | áubiti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubín | áubirid | áubimi |
| 1.in | - | áubitar | áubitā |
| 2 | áubír | áubirith | áubilith |
| 3/4.m | áubís | áubisrí | áubisví |
| 3/4.f | áubisar | áubistí | |
| Future | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubîn | áubîdir | áubîma |
| 1.in | - | áubîħar | áubînse |
| 2 | áubîr | áubîrse | áubîlse |
| 3/4.m | áubî | áubîri | áubiîvi |
| 3/4.f | áubîs | áubîti | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubıî | áubirdá | áubimir |
| 1.in | - | áubiħad | áubint |
| 2 | áubıîr | áubirt | áubilt |
| 3/4.m | áubimá | áubirá | áubiħá |
| 3/4.f | áubisá | áubitá | |
*w-stems
qelvî - pack, condense
Labial obstruent stems
-vi, -vie- "dissimilates" to -ħi, -ħie-
duobî - to be assembled
Coronal obstruent stems
*t-, *d-, *tʰ-, *s-stems
{*t *d *tʰ *s}
- > s / _t
- > r / _d
qvothî - shout
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | qvóthħar! | qvóthyns! |
| 2 | qvóth! | qvóthyrs! | qvóthyls! |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qvóthī | qvórdir | qvóthma |
| 1.in | - | qvóthħare | qvóthynse |
| 2 | qvóthyr | qvóthyrse | qvóthylse |
| 3/4.m | qvóthe | qvóthir | qvóthvi |
| 3/4.f | qvóthis | qvósti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qvothýn | qvóthrid | qvóthmi |
| 1.in | - | qvóstar | qvóstā |
| 2 | qvothýr | qvothrith | qvothlith |
| 3/4.m | qvóss | qvosrí | qvosví |
| 3/4.f | qvóssar | qvostí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qvothî | qvothyrdá | qvóthmir |
| 1.in | - | qvóthħad | qvóthynt |
| 2 | qvothîr | qvóthyrt | qvóthylt |
| 3/4.m | qvóthmá | qvothrá | qvothħá |
| 3/4.f | qvossá | qvostá | |
*z-stems
fáerî - interlock, jam
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | fáérħar! | fáéryns! |
| 2 | fáér! | fáéryrs! | fáéryls! |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | fáérī | fáérdir | fáérma |
| 1.in | - | fáérħare | fáérynse |
| 2 | fáéryr | fáéryrse | fáérylse |
| 3/4.m | fáére | fáerir | fáérvi |
| 3/4.f | fáéris | fáésti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | fáerýn | fáézzid | fáérmi |
| 1.in | - | fáéstar | fáéstā |
| 2 | fáerýr | fáérrith | fáerlith |
| 3/4.m | fáess | fáesrí | fáesví |
| 3/4.f | fáéssar | fáestí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | fáerî | fáeryrdá | fáérmir |
| 1.in | - | fáérħad | fáérynt |
| 2 | fáerîr | fáéryrt | fáérylt |
| 3/4.m | fáermá | fáerrá | fáerħá |
| 3/4.f | fáessá | fáestá | |
*ʒ-stems
bálōzî - joke, jest
*ç- and *ƶ-stems
{*ç, *ƶ}
- > f / _*C[+coronal +plosive]
- > s / _*C[+coronal +fricative/affricate]
- > [ː~] / _{*ç, *ƶ}
- > th, ð otherwise
rȳthî - classify, categorize
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | ry̌thħar! | ry̌thyns! |
| 2 | ry̌th! | ry̌thyrs! | ry̌thyls! |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | ry̌thī | ry̌fdir | ry̌thma |
| 1.in | - | ry̌thħare | ry̌thynse |
| 2 | ry̌thyr | ry̌thyrse | ry̌thylse |
| 3/4.m | ry̌the | ry̌thir | ry̌thvi |
| 3/4.f | ry̌this | ry̌fti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | rȳthýn | rȳthrid | ry̌thmi |
| 1.in | - | ry̌ftar | ry̌ftā |
| 2 | rȳthýr | ry̌thrith | ry̌thlith |
| 3/4.m | ry̌ss | rȳsrí | rȳsví |
| 3/4.f | ry̌ssar | rȳstí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | rȳthî | rȳthyrdá | ry̌thmir |
| 1.in | - | ry̌thħad | ry̌thynt |
| 2 | rȳthîr | ry̌thyrt | ry̌thylt |
| 3/4.m | rȳthmá | rȳthrá | rȳthħá |
| 3/4.f | rȳssá | rȳftá | |
Velar stems
C[+plosive, +velar] > ch / _t/ŧ
g > c / _C[-voiced]
uogî - err, miss
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | ǔogħar! | ǔogyns! |
| 2 | ǔog! | ǔogyrs! | ǔogyls! |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | ǔogī | ǔogdir | ǔogma |
| 1.in | - | ǔogħare | ǔogynse |
| 2 | ǔogyr | ǔogyrse | ǔogylse |
| 3/4.m | ǔoge | ǔogir | ǔogvi |
| 3/4.f | ǔogis | ǔochti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | uogýn | ǔogzin | ǔogmi |
| 1.in | - | ǔochtar | ǔochtā |
| 2 | uogýr | ǔogrith | ǔoglith |
| 3/4.m | ǔocs | uocsrí | uocsví |
| 3/4.f | ǔocsar | uocstí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | uogî | uogyrdá | ǔogmir |
| 1.in | - | ǔogħad | ǔogynt |
| 2 | uogîr | uogyrt | ǔogylt |
| 3/4.m | uogmá | uográ | uogħá |
| 3/4.f | uocsá | uochtá | |
Guttural stems
Radical stems
*q-stems
*ʁ-stems
*qʰ-stems
*ʔ-stems
*ʔ
- > [ː~] / V_CV
- > [~ː] / V_CC
hēseî - feel, emote
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | hēsêħar! | hēsêns! |
| 2 | hēsé! | hēsêrs! | hēsêls! |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēséī | hēséddir | hēsémma |
| 1.in | - | hēsêħare | hēsênse |
| 2 | hēséyr | hēsêrse | hēsêlse |
| 3/4.m | hēsé | hēséìr | hēsévvi |
| 3/4.f | hēséìs | hēsétti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēseýn | hēsérrid | hēsémmi |
| 1.in | - | hēséttar | hēséttā |
| 2 | hēseýr | hēsérrith | hēséllith |
| 3/4.m | hēséss | hēsēsrí | hēsēsví |
| 3/4.f | hēséssar | hēsēstí | |
| Future | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēseên | hēseêdir | hēseêma |
| 1.in | - | hēseêħar | hēseênse |
| 2 | hēseêr | hēseêrse | hēseêlse |
| 3/4.m | hēseê | hēseêri | hēseêvi |
| 3/4.f | hêseêis | hêseêti | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēseî | hēsērdá | hēsémmir |
| 1.in | - | hēsêħad | hēsênt |
| 2 | hēseîr | hēsêrt | hēsêlt |
| 3/4.m | hēsemmá | hēserrá | hēsēħá |
| 3/4.f | hēsessá | hēsettá | |
h-stems
Irregular verbs
Suppletive verbs
Suppletive verbs have many monosyllabic forms; in order to compensate for the lack of tonal information other roots were grafted into their paradigms.
va̋cî - copula
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | va̋cħar! | va̋cyns! |
| 2 | va̋c! | va̋cyrs! | va̋cyls! |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | (va̋cī) | (va̋gdir) | (va̋cma) |
| 1.in | - | (va̋cħare) | (va̋cynse) |
| 2 | (va̋cyr) | (va̋cyrse) | (va̋cylse) |
| 3/4.m | (va̋c) | (va̋cir) | (va̋cvi) |
| 3/4.f | (va̋cis) | (va̋chti) | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | ðín | ðírid | ðími |
| 1.in | - | ðítar | ðítā |
| 2 | ðír | ðírith | ðílith |
| 3/4.m | ðís | ðisrí | ðisví |
| 3/4.f | ðísar | ðistí | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hiðín | hiðírid | hiðími |
| 1.in | - | hiðítar | hiðítā |
| 2 | hiðír | hiðírith | hiðílith |
| 3/4.m | hiðís | hiðisrí | hiðisví |
| 3/4.f | hiðísar | hiðistí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | va̋cî | va̋cyrdá | va̋cmir |
| 1.in | - | va̋cħad | va̋cynt |
| 2 | va̋cîr | va̋cyrt | va̋cylt |
| 3/4.m | va̋cmá | va̋crá | va̋cħá |
| 3/4.f | va̋csá | va̋chtá | |
merî - 'exist'
Reduplicating stems
These verbs are reflexes of monosyllabic verbs whose stem originally consisted of consonant clusters with no vowel and was subsequently reduplicated to accommodate tonal patterns. They comprise a few irregular verbs.