Early Prakrit
Nouns
o-stems
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|
vrk (m.) = wolf
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loušná (f.) = moon, month
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oušta (n.) = mouth
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|
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singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
vrk |
vrký
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loušná |
loušnaḥ
|
oušta |
ouštá
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| Genitive
|
vrkaš |
vrkou
|
loušnaḥ |
loušnou
|
ouštaš |
ouštou
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| Dative
|
vrkej |
vrkabh
|
loušnej |
loušnábh
|
ouštej |
ouštabh
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| Accusative
|
vrka |
vrkouḥ
|
loušnou |
loušnaḥ
|
oušta |
ouštá
|
| Ablative
|
vrkáḥ |
vrkabh
|
loušnáḥ |
loušnábh
|
ouštáḥ |
ouštabh
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| Instrumental
|
vrky |
vrkýḥ
|
loušny |
loušnýḥ
|
oušty |
ouštýḥ
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| Locative
|
vrci |
vrkýš
|
loušný |
loušnáš
|
oušti |
ouštýš
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| Vocative
|
vrče! |
vrký!
|
loušna! |
loušnáḥ!
|
oušte! |
ouštá!
|
i-stems
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|
ageň (m.) = fire
|
mať (f.) = thought
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mař (n.) = sea
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|
|
singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
ageň |
agňé
|
mať |
maťaḥ
|
mař |
maří
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| Genitive
|
agňéš |
agňou
|
maťéḥ |
maťou
|
mařéš |
mařou
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| Dative
|
agňej |
agňebh
|
maťáj |
maťebh
|
mařej |
mařebh
|
| Accusative
|
agni |
agníḥ
|
mati |
maťaḥ
|
mař |
maří
|
| Ablative
|
|
agňebh
|
maťéḥ |
maťebh
|
mařéḥ |
mařebh
|
| Instrumental
|
agni |
agňéḥ
|
matijá |
maťábhi
|
maři |
mařéḥ
|
| Locative
|
agňí |
agňou |
agníš
|
maťí |
maťou |
matíš
|
maří |
mařou |
maříš
|
| Vocative
|
agňe! |
agňé!
|
maťi! |
maťaḥ!
|
maře! |
maří!
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Feminines in -í
|
|
patní (f.) = wife
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|
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singular
|
dual
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plural
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| Nominative
|
patní |
patnijé |
patníḥ
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| Genitive
|
patníḥ |
patnijou |
patnijou
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| Dative
|
patní |
patníbha |
patníbh
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| Accusative
|
patní |
patnijé |
patníḥ
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| Ablative
|
patníḥ |
patníbha |
patníbh
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| Instrumental
|
patnijá |
patníbha |
patníbhi
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| Locative
|
patnijé |
patnijou |
patníš
|
| Vocative
|
patní! |
patnijé! |
patníḥ!
|
u-stems
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|
výju (m.) = wind
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žouštú (f.) = meat
|
medhu (n.) = honey
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|
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singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
výju |
výjavé
|
žouštú |
žouštavaḥ
|
medhu |
medhú
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| Genitive
|
výjouš |
výjavou
|
žouštouḥ |
žouštavou
|
medhouš |
medhavou
|
| Dative
|
výjavej |
výjubh
|
žouštaváj |
žouštubh
|
medhavej |
medhubh
|
| Accusative
|
výjú |
výjúḥ
|
žouštú |
žouštúḥ
|
medhu |
medhú
|
| Ablative
|
výjouḥ |
výjubh
|
žouštouḥ |
žouštubh
|
medhouḥ |
medhubh
|
| Instrumental
|
výji |
výjubhi
|
žouštujá |
žouštubhi
|
medhy |
medhubhi
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| Locative
|
výjáu |
výjúš
|
žouštáu |
žouštúš
|
medháu |
medhúš
|
| Vocative
|
výjou! |
výjavé!
|
žouštou! |
žoustavaḥ!
|
medhou! |
medhú!
|
n-stems
|
|
žmů (m.) = human
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
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| Nominative
|
žmů |
žmený
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| Genitive
|
žmenaš |
žmenou
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| Dative
|
žmenej |
žmenabh
|
| Accusative
|
žmena |
žmenaḥ
|
| Ablative
|
žmenáḥ |
žmenabh
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| Instrumental
|
žmeny |
žmenýḥ
|
| Locative
|
žmeni |
žmenýš
|
| Vocative
|
žmů! |
žmený!
|
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
|
|
vlamena (n.) = name
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|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
vlamena |
vlamená
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| Genitive
|
vlamenaš |
vlamenou
|
| Dative
|
vlamenej |
vlamenabh
|
| Accusative
|
vlamena |
vlamená
|
| Ablative
|
vlamenáḥ |
vlamenabh
|
| Instrumental
|
vlameny |
vlamenýḥ
|
| Locative
|
vlamený |
vlamenýš
|
| Vocative
|
vlamena! |
vlamená!
|
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
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|
patýr (m.) = father
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|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
patýr |
paterý
|
| Genitive
|
patreš |
patrou
|
| Dative
|
patrej |
patrbh
|
| Accusative
|
patra |
patŕḥ
|
| Ablative
|
patréḥ |
patrbh
|
| Instrumental
|
patry |
patrbhi
|
| Locative
|
patrý |
patrš
|
| Vocative
|
patre! |
paterý!
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Copula
Present
|
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| 1st
|
jesmi, jsmi |
jesme, jsme
|
| 2nd
|
jesi, jsi |
jeste, jste
|
| 3rd
|
(zero) |
(zero)
|
Late Prakrit
Veering towards topic prominent grammar
Copula
Present
|
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| 1st
|
=(e)hem |
=(e)hme
|
| 2nd
|
=(e)si |
=(e)ste
|
| 3rd
|
(zero) |
(zero)
|