Hololang
| Hololang | |
|---|---|
| Holo | |
| Pronunciation | [[hɔ.lɔː]] |
| Created by | Madoka |
| Date | Aug 2021 |
| Setting | Alt-Earth |
| Ethnicity | HoloCouncil |
| Native speakers | 5 (2021) |
| |
Introduction
Goals
The goal of this artlang is to create a fun and simple experiment, making the members of HoloCouncil actually react to it and maybe create a memrise course when everything is 100% ready to be launched.
Setting
Hololang is the language that used to be spoken by the members of the HoloCouncil (if you know the Hololive english second generation), since they have been here on the universe before the appearance of the human race and therefore the surgiment of human language. This is the language that was used during the meetings of the Council.
Phonology
Consonants
| → PoA ↓ Manner |
Labial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Alveolopalatal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | m m | n n | ny ɲ | ng ŋ | |||||
| Plosives | Voiceless | p p | t t | c k q kʷ | |||||
| Voiced | b b | d d | g ɡ | ||||||
| Affricates | Voiceless | ts ts | ch tʃ | ||||||
| Voiced | dz dz | dj d͡ʒ | |||||||
| Fricatives | Voiceless | f f | s s | sh/ss ʃ | h h | ||||
| Voiced | v v | z z | j ʒ | rr ʁ | |||||
| Approximant | y j | ||||||||
| Trill | r r | ||||||||
| Tap or flap | <r ɾ> | ||||||||
| Lateral Approximants | l l | ly ʎ | |||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i i | u u | |
| Mid | e ɛ | o ɔ | |
| Low | a a |
Orthography
Hololang's orthography is very recent since it was mostly a spoken language before the existence of the writing systems, after observing the humans for hundred of times, HoloCouncil adopted the Latin alphabet as the main script for the language. The graphemes of each phoneme are written in bold on the respective tables, but the things that grab attention are mostly the voiced postalveolar fricative being written as j and the voiced palatal approximant being written as y. The voiceless velar plosive is normally written as c but in loan words it is written as k. The voiceless postalveolar fricative has two written methods, one when this phoneme is at the beginning of a word sh and the other when the sound is found at the middle or end of a word ss.
Diacritics
The macron (ˉ) is the only diacritic used in Hololang and it's only used on vowels, its function is to increase the lenght of the vowel sound.
Phonotactics
Most of the consonant clusters are allowed in Hololang. Other rules that apply to Hololang:
- r becomes ɾ between vowels or between a plosive and a vowel
- Vowels get longer when placed at the end of a word, in a diphthong or between a vowel and a nasal consonant for example in the words vē vɛː (english: we), sofēng sɔfɛːŋ (english: seven) and Havaī havaiː (english: Hawaii}}
Morphology
There are no cases or gramatical gender in Hololang.
Nouns
Nouns deflect on number,singular and plural, and degree (augmentative, normal and diminutive)
| kores = planet | rozē = rose | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Augmentative | Normal | Diminutive | Augmentative | Normal | Diminutive | |
| Singular | koresān | kores | koresīn | rozēnyān | rozē | rozeīn |
| Plural | koresāns | koress | koresīns | rozēnyāns | rozes | rozeīns |
Nouns are divided in three families: common, colective and proper.
Pronouns
Personal and Possessive pronouns are related to each other they only inflect in person.
Personal Possessive 1SG mā moī 2SG tī tuī 3SG jaī jaī 1PL vē venyī 2PL tiss tissuī 3PL jaīs jaīs
There's also the demonstratives, the relatives and the indefinites
Demonstrative Pronouns
| Proximal | Distant | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | djā | tsā | |
| Plural | djas | tsas | |
Relative Pronouns
| Refering to People | qāng |
| Refering to Living Things | qāny |
| Refering to Things | qām |
| Refering to Places | qarū |
| Refering to Time | qacē |
| Refering to Possession | qatsī |
Interrogative Pronouns are based on the relative pronouns.
Indefinite Pronouns
| All | Part of | Any | No | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People | chāmal | chānil | chānyol | charraj | |||
| Living Things | rūmal | rūnil | rūnyol | rurraj | |||
| Things | rīmal | rīnil | rīnyol | rīrraj | |||
| Places | qāmal | qānil | qānyol | qārraj | |||
| Time | nyēmal | nyēnil | nēnyol | nyerraj | |||
Articles
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite | yā | lyā | |
| Indefinite | yas | lyas | |
Verbs
for list of verbs check Hololang/Verbs
Adjectives
Adjectives inflect in number, degree and politeness. The following table showcases the inflection of three adjectives by degree and politeness.
| bōnyij = beautiful, handsome | niēsij = nice | vīnij = thin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complimentary | Pejorative | Complimentary | Pejorative | Complimentary | Pejorative | |
| Normal | bōnyij | habōnyij | niēsij | haniēsij | vīnij | havīnij |
| Comparative | bōnyān | habōnyān | niēsān | haniēsān | vīnān | havīnān |
| Superlative Relative | bōnyoqū | habōnyoqū | niēsoqū | haniēsoqū | vīnoqū | havīnoqū |
| Superlative Analytic | bōnyetsū | habōnyetsū | niēsetsū | haniēsetsū | vīnetsū | havīnetsū |
| Superlative Synthetic | bōnyirrēn | habōnyirrēn | niēsirrēn | haniēsirrēn | vīnirrēn | havīnirrēn |
Note that habōnyij is an adjective in his insult form, doesn't mean "ugly" it means "beautiful" in an evil/pejorative manner.
Contraditory Prefix
a- is the prefix used to give the opposite of the mentioned adjective. The following table will showcase three adjectives on the normal degree and complimentary manner with the contraditory prefix.
| Original Adjective | Contraditory | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| bōnyij | abōnyij | 'not beautiful' |
| niēsij | āniēsij | 'not nice' |
| vīnij | avīnij | 'not thin' |
Note that "abōnyij" can mean "ugly" but the literal/most used meaning is "not beautiful".
In pejorative manner, the prefix becomes before the pejorative prefix.
For example:
bōnyij (beautiful, complimentary) -> abōnyij (not beautiful, complimentary)
habōnyij (beautiful, pejorative) -> ahabōnyij (not beautiful, pejorative)
Exceptions
The adjectives like bōnē (good), malē (evil, bad), ricō (rich), paūbris (poor) doesn't have a regular degree format and doesn't have a contraditory form.
Adjective Subclasses
- Qualifying - give a quality to the subject
- Numeral - check the number table (ordinal section)
- Relative / Relational - establishes a relationship
Adverbs
Prepositions
Hololang doesn't have prepositions. Pronouns, adverbs and relational adjectives are replacements
Numerals
Numerals are an extra word class, there are several suffixes for the meaning of the numeral. There's the cardinals, the ordinals, the multiplicatives, the dividers, the days, the months.
| Cardinal | Ordinal | Multiplicative | Divider | Day | Month | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | zerō | zeroīng | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
| 1 | ōny | ōnyīng | ōnyarrū | ōnyirā | ōnyidraī | ōnyimōnf | |||||
| 2 | tvū | tvuīng | tvuārrū | tvuīrā | tvuīdraī | tvuīmōnf | |||||
| 3 | tarē | tareīng | tareārrū | tareīrā | tareīdraī | tareīmōnf | |||||
| 4 | fō | foīng | foārrū | foīrā | foīdraī | foīmōnf | |||||
| 5 | siqē | siqeīng | siqeārrū | siqeīrā | siqeīdraī | siqeīmōnf | |||||
| 6 | shiz | shizīng | shizarrū | shizirā | shizidraī | shizimōnf | |||||
| 7 | sofēng | sofēngīng | sofēngarrū | sofēngirā | sofēngidraī | sofēngimōnf | |||||
| 8 | hutā | hutaīng | hutārrū | hutaīrā | hutaīdraī | hutaīmōnf | |||||
| 9 | nīnē | nīneīng | nīneārrū | nīneīrā | nīneīdraī | nīneīmōnf | |||||
| 10 | taj | tajīng | tajarrū | tajirā | tajidraī | tajimōnf | |||||
| 11 | tajōny | tajōnyīng | tajōnyarrū | tajōnyirā | tajōnyidraī | tajōnyimōnf | |||||
| 100 | ōnyitaj | ōnyitajīng | ōnyitajarrū | ōnyitajirā | ōnyitajidraī | N/A | |||||
| 1000 | utaj | utajīng | utajarrū | utajirā | N/A | N/A | |||||
| ∞ | īnfuss | īnfussīng | N/A | N/A | īnfussidraī | īnfussimōnf | |||||
Syntax
Constituent order
The normal word order for a sentence in Hololag is SOV. In interrogative and negative sentences this changes to a OSV order. Sentences of commands and requests are in SOV excluding negative commands.