Proto-Tungric

Proto-Tungric is the hypothetical ancestor of the Tungric languages.

Introduction

Proto-Tungric is the result of taking an Italic base and applying a rough approximation of the PIE to Proto-Germanic sound changes.

The Italic base of Proto-Tungric has the following features:

• Lacks merger of original /θ, xʷ, f/.
• Stress similar to Classical Latin.
• Lacks Classical Latin vowel weakenings.

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns had three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter.

a-stems

	*akraz m. "field"		*juką n. "yoke"
Nominative	*akraz	*akrōz, -ōs, -ai	*juką	*jukō
Vocative	*akr
Accusative	*akrą	*akrōz, -ōs
Genitive	*akrī, -as	*akrǭ, -aisǭ	*jukī, -as	*jukǭ, -aisǭ
Dative	*akrōi	*akraiz, -abiz	*jukōi	*jukaiz, -abiz
Instrumental	*akrô		*jukô

ō-stems

	*þauþō f. "people"
Nominative	*þauþō	*þauþōz, -ōi
Vocative
Accusative	*þauþǭ	*þauþōnz
Genitive	*þauþōz	*þauþōsǭ
Dative	*þauþōi	*þauþōiz, -ōbiz
Instrumental	*þauþô

i-stems

	*minþiz f. "mind"		*mari n. "sea"
Nominative	*minþiz	*minþēz	*mari	*marjō
Vocative
Accusative	*minþį	*minþinz
Genitive	*minþīz	*minþijǭ	*marīz	*marjǭ
Dative	*minþī	*minþibiz	*marī	*maribiz
Instrumental	*minþî		*marî

Note: The genitive plural and neuter nominative-vocative-accusative plural are subject to Siever's law.

u-stems

	*farþuz m. "port"		*harnu n. "horn"
Nominative	*farþuz	*farþawiz	*harnu	*harnuwō
Vocative
Accusative	*farþų	*farþunz
Genitive	*farþauz	*farþuwǭ	*harnauz	*harnuwǭ
Dative	*farþawī	*farþubiz	*harnawī	*harnubiz
Instrumental	*farþû		*harnû