Germian

Germian
Germic
The Germian flag is inspired by the Dutch, German, British and Swedish flags.
Pronunciation	[germiʃ]
Created by	Jeppesper
Date	2022
Setting	Germanic languages
Language family	Indo-European Germanic North Germanic West Germic Germian
Writing system	Latin
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Germian (Germic IPA: /germiʃ/) is a conlang created by Jeppesper beginning in 2022, germ stands for it being based of off Germanic languages. It could be considered an engineered language since it is constructed to be regular, simple, recognizable, lack grammatical gender and gender differentiation of nouns/pronouns. The conlang is mainly based on English, German, Dutch and Swedish, but it has to smaller extends also been influenced by Afrikaans, Danish, Norwegian, Yiddish, West-frisian, Luxembourgish and Icelandic.

Qualities

Alignment	Neutral alignment
Type	Analytical
Tonal	No
Genders	None

Nouns decline according to	Case Number Definiteness
Verbs conjugate according to	Tense Aspect
Adjectives decline according to	Comparision

100%	Phonetic alphabet
100%	Consistent noun & adjective declensions
100%	Consistent verb conjugations
0%	Noun/Pronoun gender differentiation
+	Swadesh inclusive
+	GSRD inclusive

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio-velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Plosive	p b		t d			k g
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ				h
Approximant					j		w
Trill			r
Lateral app.			l
Clusters						ks kw

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Near-back	Back
High	iː yː			uː
Near-high		ɪ ʏ	ʊ
High-mid	eː			oː
Mid
Low-mid	ɛ			ɔ
Near-low
Low		a		ɑː
Diphthongs	ɛ͡ɪ	a͡ɪ a͡ʊ		ɔ͡ɪ ɔ͡ʊ

Orthography

Alphabet

Letter	Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
Sound	/a/	/b/	/ʃ/	/d/	/ɛ/	/f/	/g/	/h/	/ɪ/	/j/	/k/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/ɔ/	/p/	/kw/	/r/	/s/	/t/	/ʊ/	/v/	/w/	/ks/	/ʏ/	/z/
Name	/a/	/beː/	/ʃeː/	/deː/	/ɛ/	/ɛf/	/geː/	/hoː/	/ɪ/	/jɛɪ/	/kɛɪ/	/ɛl/	/ɛm/	/ɛn/	/ɔ/	/peː/	/kwuː/	/ɛr/	/ɛs/	/teː/	/ʊ/	/vɛɪ/	/wʏn/	/ɛks/	/ʏ/	/zɛt/

Digraphs & Diphthongs

Digraphs & Diphthongs	Aa aa	Ee ee	Ii ii	Oo oo	Uu uu	Yy yy	Ng ng	Ai ai	Ei ei	Oi oi	Au au	Ou ou
Sound	/ɑː/	/eː/	/iː/	/oː/	/uː/	/yː/	/ŋ/	/a͡ɪ/	/ɛ͡ɪ/	/ɔ͡ɪ/	/a͡ʊ/	/ɔ͡ʊ/
Name	laang a	laang e	laang i	laang o	laang u	laang y	/ɛŋ/	/a͡ɪ/	/ɛ͡ɪ/	/ɔ͡ɪ/	/a͡ʊ/	/ɔ͡ʊ/

Phonotactics

There are no silent letters.

There is no phonemic reduced vowel sound like english's /ə/.

Double consonants (that aren't part of a digraph) are pronounced with a syllable break:

Example: bb = /b.b/

The first 2 vowels that are viable as a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are the ones that will be pronounced as such:

Example: aii = /a͡ɪ.ɪ/

Example: eei = /eː.ɪ/

Not like: aii = /a.iː/

Not like: eei = /ɛ.ɛ͡ɪ/

Vowel digraph/diphthong pairs and single vowels that directly preceeds/follows a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are pronounced with a syllable break inbetween them:

Example: aaeiou = /ɑː.ɛ͡ɪ.ɔ͡ʊ/

Example: eaa = /ɛ.ɑː/

Example: aio = /a͡ɪ.ɔ/

Example: aaa = /ɑː.a/

Vowels following each other that are not part of a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are not pronounced with a syllable break inbetween them:

Example: ia = /ɪa/

Example: iea = /ɪɛa/

Example: aioe = /a͡ɪ.ɔɛ/

Grammar

Syntax

SVO (subject–verb–object)

Example: Jaik¹ hav² ain³ kat⁴. ⇄ I¹ have² a³ cat⁴.

Example: Jaik¹ see⁴ nite³ et⁵. ⇄ I¹ do² not³ see⁴ it⁵.

Example: Ain¹ rootic² rous³. ⇄ A¹ red² rose³.

Vocabulary

-

Noun declenations

Case articles and number

Example	Singular	Plural
Nominative: definite article	de kat	de kates
Nominative: indefinite article	ain kat	(vleere) kates
Genitive: definite article	de katese	de kateses
Genitive: indefinite article	ain katese	(vleere) kateses

Vocabulary

ain ⇄ a/an (singular indefinite article)

de ⇄ the (definite article)

kat ⇄ cat

vleere ⇄ several (plural indefinite "article")

Verb conjugations

Infinitive/Imperative: sainen ⇄ to be	Simple	Progressive	Perfect	Imperfect
Present	sain ⇄ am/is/are	saine ⇄ being	hasain ⇄ have/has been
Past	saind ⇄ was/were	sainde ⇄ was/were being	hadsain ⇄ had been
Future	vil sain ⇄ will be	vil saine ⇄ will become	vil hasain ⇄ will have been
Conditional			skalde hasain ⇄ would have been	skalde sain ⇄ would be

Infinitive/Imperative: dunen ⇄ to do	Simple	Progressive	Perfect	Imperfect
Present	dun ⇄ do	dune ⇄ doing	hadun ⇄ have/has done
Past	dund ⇄ did	dunde ⇄ was/were doing	haddun ⇄ had done
Future	vil dun ⇄ will do	vil dune ⇄ will be doing	vil hadun ⇄ will have done
Conditional			skalde hadun ⇄ would have done	skalde dun ⇄ would do

Infinitive/Imperative: haven ⇄ to have	Simple	Progressive	Perfect	Imperfect
Present	hav ⇄ have	have ⇄ having	hahav ⇄ have/has had
Past	havd ⇄ had	havde ⇄ was/were having	hadhav ⇄ had had
Future	vil hav ⇄ will have	vil have ⇄ will be having	vil hahav ⇄ will have had
Conditional			skalde hahav ⇄ would have had	skalde hav ⇄ would have

Verb suffixes

-en ⇄ (making-verb)

Example	(Making-verb)	Progressive	Example phrase	Example phrase
vit ⇄ white	viten ⇄ whiten	vite ⇄ whitening	viten de tands ⇄ whiten the teeth	de vite of de tands ⇄ the whitening of the teeth

rii- ⇄ (repeat)

un- ⇄ (deprive)

ike-- ⇄ (negate)

Example	(repeat)	(deprive)	(negate)
vit ⇄ white	riiviten ⇄ rewhiten	unviten ⇄ unwhiten	ike-vit ⇄ non-white

Modal auxiliary verbs

berhauce ⇄ need

brauke ⇄ brukar (SE)/usually do

burte ⇄ ought

durfo ⇄ may/permitted to/allowed to/få (SE)/dürf (DE)

kan ⇄ can/to be able

kaunde ⇄ could

moug ⇄ might

must ⇄ must

skal ⇄ shall

skalde ⇄ would

taure ⇄ dare

vil ⇄ will/going to

wilte ⇄ want

Adjective comparison

-er ⇄ (comparative)

-est ⇄ (superlative)

Example	Positive/Negative	Comparative	Superlative
Adjective	groos	grooser	groosest

Example: Et sain groos. ⇄ It is big.

Example: Et sain grooser dan dat. ⇄ It is larger than that.

Example: Et sain (de) groosest. ⇄ It is the largest.

Example: Et sain klain. ⇄ It is small.

Example: Et sain klainer dan dat. ⇄ It is smaller than that.

Example: Et sain (de) klainest. ⇄ It is the smallest.

Example: Et sain fiiler dan dat. ⇄ It is more than that.

Example: Et sain klimer dan dat. ⇄ It is less than that.

Example: Jaik wilte meer. ⇄ I want (even) more.

Example: Jaik wilte haven vleere. ⇄ I want to have several ones.

Vocabulary

dan ⇄ than

dat ⇄ that

de ⇄ the

et ⇄ it

fiil ⇄ many/much/a lot

groos ⇄ big

hav ⇄ have

jaik ⇄ I

klain ⇄ small

klim ⇄ little

meer ⇄ even more/additional

sain ⇄ am/is/are

vleere ⇄ several

wilte ⇄ want

Adjective suffix

-ic ⇄ (making-adjective)/(having qualities of)

Example	gold ⇄ gold	hund ⇄ dog
-ic	goldic	hundic

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns	Nominative	Possesive	Reflexive
1st person	jaik ⇄ I vii ⇄ we	jaikse ⇄ my/mine viise ⇄ our/ours	jaikself ⇄ myself viiselfs ⇄ ourselves
2nd person	duu ⇄ you (s.) juu ⇄ you (pl.)	duuse ⇄ your/yours (s.) juuse ⇄ you/yours (pl.)	duuself ⇄ yourself (s.) juuselfs ⇄ yourselves (pl.)
3rd person	xiin ⇄ they/this one (s. proximate./former. standard) diin ⇄ they/that one (s. obviative./post-former.) et ⇄ it dei ⇄ they (pl.)	xiinse ⇄ theirs (s.) diinse ⇄ theirs (s.) etse ⇄ its deise ⇄ theirs (pl.)	xiinself ⇄ themself (s.) diinself ⇄ themself (s.) etself ⇄ itself deiselfs ⇄ themselves (pl.)
4th person	eim ⇄ one	eimse ⇄ one's	eimself ⇄ oneself

Numerals

Ordinal numbers are marked by adding the suffix "-ce" to a number.

Capitalization

Capital letters are used for the first word of a sentence and for proper nouns.

The proper nouns in Germian are exclusively: personal names, place names, marketed titles and organization names.

Dictionary

Phrases

Jaik heiten... ⇄ My name is...	jaik ⇄ I	heiten ⇄ to be referred to as/heter (SE)/heiße (DE)
Vat sain duuse name? ⇄ What is your name?	name ⇄ name	Spraten duu... ⇄ Do you speak...
Jaik spraten nite... ⇄ I don't speak...	Jaik verctond nite. ⇄ I don't understand.	Veir sain de toilet? ⇄ Where is the toilet?
Vur sain duu?/Vur sain et? ⇄ How are you?/How is it?/How is it going?	Sain duu okee/ok? ⇄ Are you okay?	Sain et okee/ok? ⇄ Is it going okay?
okee/ok ⇄ okay/ok	jaa ⇄ yes	nei ⇄ no
njei ⇄ (yes/no)/well	jee ⇄ yeah	naa ⇄ nah
maince ⇄ maybe	natuurlic ⇄ of course	kain problem ⇄ no problem
antswer ⇄ answer	genau/exakt/presiic/korekt/ret ⇄ exactly/precisely/correct/right	inkorekt/falc ⇄ incorrect/false/wrong
tangke ⇄ thanks	tangke duu/juu (s./pl.) ⇄ thank you	fiil tangke ⇄ thank you very much
stop! ⇄ stop!	help ⇄ help	akta! ⇄ look out!
sori ⇄ sorry	sploristop ⇄ sorry, but please lets stop/end this	pardon ⇄ excuse me
spliifst ⇄ please	ckol ⇄ cheers	grelsing ⇄ greeting
haloo ⇄ hello	hae ⇄ hi	hei ⇄ hey
dae ⇄ good day/bye/dag (NE)	guutein ⇄ have a good one/goodbye	cau ⇄ bye
adjoo ⇄ adieu	ferwel ⇄ farewell	sees vii ⇄ see you/see you later
wilkom ⇄ welcome/you're welcome	moost wilkom ⇄ most welcome/you are most welcome	guut morgen ⇄ good morning
guut daag ⇄ good day	guut naftermiddaag ⇄ good afternoon	guut aufend ⇄ good evening
guut nact ⇄ good night	jaik eliibe duu ⇄ I love you	Vur fiil sain dit? ⇄ How much is this?

Swadesh+

I ⇄ jaik
we ⇄ vii
you (singular) ⇄ duu
you (plural) ⇄ juu
they (singular proximate) ⇄ xiin
they (singular obviative) ⇄ diin
they (plural) ⇄ dei
this ⇄ dit
that ⇄ dat
here ⇄ heir
there ⇄ daar
who ⇄ viim
whose ⇄ viis
what ⇄ vat
which ⇄ velke
why ⇄ vatfuur
where ⇄ veir
when ⇄ van
how ⇄ vur
what kind of/what something's like ⇄ vurvat
not ⇄ nite
all ⇄ al
none, no, not any ⇄ kain
many ⇄ fiil
few ⇄ veenig
some ⇄ somige
other ⇄ aader
one ⇄ ein
two ⇄ tvei
three ⇄ drii
four ⇄ fiir
five ⇄ faif
big ⇄ groos
small ⇄ klain
long ⇄ lang
short ⇄ kort
wide ⇄ breid
narrow ⇄ smaal
thick ⇄ dik
thin ⇄ dun
heavy ⇄ cveer
light ⇄ leict
female ⇄ femlin
male ⇄ manske
androgyne ⇄ wenle
gender-neutral ⇄ nukjon (nutrei-kjon)
genderless ⇄ zukjon (zunte-kjon)
cultural gender ⇄ qukjon (qultural-kjon)
inter(-sex/-gender) ⇄ jinen(-sec/-kjon)
endo(-sex/cisgender) ⇄ ine(-sec/-kjon)
trans(-sexual/-gender) ⇄ tverc(-sec/-kjon)
diverse/variating/queer ⇄ veirai
human ⇄ huumas
child/youngling ⇄ kind
child/offspring ⇄ cinder
lifepartner/martial partner ⇄ jaing (extension of "jaik")
parent ⇄ elder
animal ⇄ diir
fish ⇄ fic
bird ⇄ fogel
dog ⇄ hund
louse ⇄ laus
snake ⇄ clang
worm ⇄ wurm
nature ⇄ natuur
tree ⇄ trai
forest ⇄ skoog
stick ⇄ stape
fruit ⇄ fruut
seed ⇄ saed
leaf ⇄ lauv
root ⇄ wrootcel
bark (of a tree) ⇄ bark
flower ⇄ blom
grass ⇄ grais
rope ⇄ roup
body ⇄ bodi
organ ⇄ organ
skin ⇄ skind
leather ⇄ leder
scale ⇄ sqeil
meat ⇄ flec
blood ⇄ blut
bone ⇄ boun
fat (noun) ⇄ feit
grease ⇄ greis
mucle ⇄ muskel
guts ⇄ darm
heart ⇄ hart
brain ⇄ breihin
liver ⇄ leever
egg ⇄ eig
spit/saliva ⇄ speit
earwax ⇄ oorvax
sweat ⇄ sveit
snot ⇄ snot
bugger ⇄ buge
teardrop ⇄ treen
sleepies/eye gunk ⇄ sleps
horn ⇄ horn
stinger ⇄ stakel
antenna ⇄ anten
tail ⇄ stvan
feather ⇄ veder
hair ⇄ har
fur ⇄ fel
head ⇄ hovd
face ⇄ sicte
chin ⇄ cin
cheek ⇄ cing
ear ⇄ oor
auricle ⇄ oormucel
eye ⇄ ooge
eyelid ⇄ oogelid
eyelash ⇄ wimper
eyebrow ⇄ oogebrei
nose ⇄ noose
nostril ⇄ noostril
snout ⇄ snuut
mouth ⇄ mund
beard ⇄ bard
mustasch ⇄ mustac
lip ⇄ lip
tooth ⇄ tand
tongue ⇄ tunge
foot ⇄ fut
toe ⇄ too
heel ⇄ heil
leg ⇄ leg
knee ⇄ knii
kneepit (kneefold) ⇄ kniiboug
thigh ⇄ daig
groin ⇄ laist
hand ⇄ hand
nail (body part) ⇄ nagel
wing ⇄ ving
belly ⇄ belai
waist ⇄ taile
bellybutton ⇄ naavel
stomach ⇄ maage
hals (DE/SE)/neck-/-throat ⇄ halse
neck ⇄ nek
throat ⇄ froot
back ⇄ rug
breast/boob ⇄ brost
chest ⇄ cest
nipple ⇄ nipel
ass/butt ⇄ bump
buttcheek ⇄ cink/gluut
anus ⇄ anus
urethra ⇄ uretra
vagina ⇄ vagin
vagina (juvenile) ⇄ vip
clitoris ⇄ klitoris
womb ⇄ wuum
ovary ⇄ oovery
ovum ⇄ oovum
penis ⇄ peenis
penis (juvenile) ⇄ pik
scrotum/ballsack ⇄ skrung
(collective word for penis and scrotum) ⇄ prung
glans ⇄ gleiskel
testicle ⇄ testikel
sperm ⇄ sperm
to drink ⇄ dringken
to eat ⇄ spiitsen
to nibble ⇄ knibelen
to bite ⇄ baiten
to suck ⇄ saugen
to spit ⇄ speiten
to vomit ⇄ sparfen
to blow ⇄ blousen
to breathe ⇄ andemen
to laugh ⇄ lahen
to see ⇄ siien
to hear ⇄ hooren
to know ⇄ visten
to think ⇄ tengken
to smell ⇄ raukten
to taste ⇄ spruufen
to feel (emotionally) ⇄ kenden
to feel (physicaly) ⇄ fuulen
to touch ⇄ rooren
to sense ⇄ sensen
to fear ⇄ frangsten
to sleep ⇄ slaapen
to live ⇄ leven
to die ⇄ cdurden
to kill ⇄ douden
to fight (combat) ⇄ straiden
to fight (struggle) ⇄ kempen
to hunt ⇄ jakten
to hit ⇄ slaagen
to cut ⇄ cneiden
to chop ⇄ haken
to stab ⇄ staben
to share ⇄ deelen
to split ⇄ spliten
to scratch ⇄ skrapsen
to dig ⇄ graven
to swim ⇄ swimen
to fly ⇄ fliigen
to walk/go ⇄ gouen
to come ⇄ komen
to lie (lay) ⇄ leegen
to sit ⇄ siten
to stand ⇄ standen
to turn (intransitive) ⇄ dreiden
to rise ⇄ staigen
to fall ⇄ falen
to give ⇄ geeven
to take ⇄ neimen
to hold ⇄ halden
to squeeze ⇄ sqeesen
to rub ⇄ ruben
to wash ⇄ vasen
to wipe ⇄ drooken
to pull ⇄ pulen
to push ⇄ druken
to throw ⇄ troiven
to catch ⇄ fangen
to tie ⇄ binden
to sew ⇄ snaien
to count ⇄ reekenen
to say ⇄ saagen
to sing ⇄ singen
to play ⇄ spleien
to float ⇄ flouten
to sink ⇄ zingken
to flow ⇄ flouen
to swell ⇄ svelen
to freeze ⇄ friisen
to burn ⇄ branden
body of fire ⇄ fiierbodi
fire ⇄ fiier
sun ⇄ son
star ⇄ ster
body of earth ⇄ erdbodi
earth ⇄ erd
moon ⇄ mon
salt ⇄ salt
stone ⇄ steen
dust ⇄ stov
gravel ⇄ graus
asphalt ⇄ asfalt
boulder ⇄ boulder
ash ⇄ ask
mountain ⇄ berg
hill ⇄ houvel
sand ⇄ sand
road ⇄ veig
earthquake ⇄ erdbeeving
body of water ⇄ vaaterbodi
water ⇄ vaater
drop ⇄ drop
rain ⇄ regen
river ⇄ flusd
lake ⇄ see
sea ⇄ haav
waterstream ⇄ vaaterstroum
waterfall ⇄ vaaterfal
snow ⇄ snee
ice ⇄ ais
fog ⇄ neevel
mist ⇄ mist
tsunami ⇄ tsunaami
body of air ⇄ luftbodi
air ⇄ luft
cloud ⇄ woln
sky ⇄ himel
wind ⇄ wind
smoke ⇄ rook
tornado ⇄ tornaado
color ⇄ kolur
paint ⇄ farb
red ⇄ roud
orange ⇄ oranc
yellow ⇄ gelu
lime ⇄ laim
green ⇄ grun
turquoise ⇄ turkois
cyan ⇄ cyan
azure ⇄ azor
blue ⇄ blo
purple ⇄ prila
magenta ⇄ magent
cerise ⇄ ceri
white ⇄ vit
gray ⇄ gro
black ⇄ svart
brown (dark orange/orange-like colors) ⇄ brun
pink (pale red, magenta, cerise) ⇄ rooz
light ⇄ lict
hazy ⇄ hazi
dark ⇄ dunkel
night ⇄ nact
day ⇄ daag
year ⇄ jaur
warm ⇄ varm
cold ⇄ kald
full ⇄ fol
empty ⇄ lemtom
new ⇄ nue
old ⇄ old
good ⇄ guut
bad ⇄ slect
ripe/mature ⇄ raif
rotten ⇄ rotnen
clean ⇄ crein
dirty ⇄ smotsic
straight ⇄ strak
bent ⇄ bougd
round ⇄ rund
sharp (as a knife) ⇄ cerp
dull (as a knife) ⇄ dulp
smooth ⇄ glat
ragged ⇄ rugd
wet ⇄ vnot
dry ⇄ drog
near ⇄ neer
far ⇄ faar
right ⇄ rect
left ⇄ lingks
center ⇄ centraal
north ⇄ nord
south ⇄ saud
east ⇄ oust
west ⇄ vest
at ⇄ aton
in ⇄ in
with ⇄ mit
and ⇄ end
if ⇄ ifals
because ⇄ soodat
name ⇄ name
correct ⇄ korekt

Nouns

noom ⇄ noun

People/Family/Relation

Sexology

Elements

World parts

Languages

Time

Nature

Animals

Ability/Aid

Verbs

Common verbs

Relation/Family

Adjectives

adjektiv ⇄ adjective

Common adjectives

Colors

Family/Relation

Adverbs

adverb ⇄ adverb

Common adverbs

Prepositions

Numerals

Numerical/Mathematical words

Pronouns

Interjections

Conjunctions/Subjunctions

Culture

Cultural philosophy

(Stoicism + Buddhism + Absurdism + Individual reflection)

Stance on higher power

1. Does not believe in any higher power(s).

2. Everything can be explained by science, only our knowledge is limited.

3. Instead of following a faith, one follows philosophy and a just lifestyle:

If there is any higher power(s) and they're just, then you will be rewarded by your virtuous acts.

If there is any higher power(s) and they're unjust, then you shouldn't want to follow them anyways.

If there is no higher power(s), then your virtuous acts will live on in the memory of your loved ones.

Stance on life, death and time

1. There most probably nothing after death, since every idea of what we think as an afterlife is just our wishful thinking that we have no basis for believing in.

2. Existence has no inherent meaning. Although life doesn't "lack" meaning because there was never room for meaning to begin with, life is a fact not a meaning.

3. Humans have an inherent need for meaning in a universe were meaning is irrelevant, this is absurd. We either tend to make a leap of faith to something abstract and irrational or turn to physical escape or destruction to escape this absurdity, but one ought to embrace the absurdity instead.

4. However, one should not reject life nor turn to faith when facing this crippling reality. One should instead accept this fact and still rejoice in life and its small things despite or because of their "lack of" meaning, because the fact of these things existing ought to be enough. Or if you will, may the joy and appreciation of "meaninglessness" be an act of rebellion.

5. Death is not the opposite of life, but an innate preconditioned part of it. Death is not something to fear, avoid, lament or hate. Death is outside our control, our view of death is our responsibility, and we can learn to accept it as a part of life, as neither good nor bad. Grief is of course important when experiencing the death of someone, and it ought to be practiced in a healthy way.

6. "Memento mori" - "Remember that one [has to] die" works as a reminder of one's mortality and inevitable death. It gives one perspective on life to value one's time since one has been given time in the first place.

7. "Protect time like your money". Value your time and don't waste any time in the day on the trivial and vain. Don't waste time worrying on problems one can't do anything about, and act instead of worry about problems one can do something about.

8. Try to remember and cherish more than regret or mourning things and experiences.

Stance on ego and identity

Modern 21^st century usage of ego deaths usually refers to our self-esteem, and our tendency to defend our self-esteem against attack, and our tendency to view the world in terms of our perceived identities. E.g. if people identify themselves in terms of their political preferences, social status, skill set, general concensus of physical attractiveness, then they will defend these abstractions as they defend themselves, and they will interact with the world as members of these groups.

These things are external to us, they come and go and there is no need to cling to them, and that it is a falsehood to identify one's own self-entity with them. Our real selves are our experience of our senses, emotions and thoughts, our judgment, will and capacity for choice. The part of you that is convinced of things, and that chooses things, is the real you. Everything else is external to you, a thing that you might enjoy or use while it is available, something that is easy to use for information, but not part of your core self.

We are entities, we have ideas and beliefs of who we are that we identify with. These are identities. Identities might help convey information, but are in actuality external to us. We ought to stop forming self-images of ourselves from these identities since these external views of ourselves are clouding our experience as self-entities. This is because our self-entities are in fact impossible for us to concretely think of.

Remove external beliefs/ideas of what you think you are and realize that you can't actually think of yourself. Reach ego-death. When you feel hurt/triggered by potential "harm" in social situations, it is just the false idea (based on external things) of what you think you are (self-image) that gets threatened.

Unblock your survival from fear, pleasure from regret, willpower from shame, love from grief, truth from lies, insight from illusion and pure conscience of experience from worldly desires to reach one’s own full and true potential.

Disciplines/Principles/Practices

1. Only virtue is good, only vice is bad, everything else is indifferent. Virtue is sufficient for happiness.

Practice and strive for the 4 stoic virtues: Justice, wisdom, temperance and courage. Avoid the 4 vices: Injustice, foolishness, intemperance and cowardice.

Wisdom means being able to tell what's right and what's wrong without prejudice, approaching everything logically and calmy and understand what is to be chosen or avoided. Justice means to always be fair and do the right thing even when something is wrong. Courage is to do the right thing even if you feel like it can be harmful for you, facing challenges and struggles without complaint, applying wisdom to things we fear. Temperance is the willpower for volontary self-restraint and moderation to things we are attracted to and ought not to be gluttoned.

2. After the first impression, interpretation of reality, and emotional analysis of an event, one should not go for the emotional response, one should instead make a rational analysis and then a rational response.

3. Anger is an emotion that erodes the fabric of who we are. Thus one ought to learn how to control it. "One's anger is more likely to do more harm than how much someone is wrong".

4. “The Discipline of Desire”, which has to do with acceptance of our fate. Don't waste time on things you can't control or influence. Don’t desire what is out of your control e.g. never to die, never get sick, never get in an accident etc. Once something that's outside of your control happens, you make the best of what you got at hand to deal with it. Prepare yourself for the worst possible outcomes based on the true nature of things and hope for the best. Having an idealized fantasy as the expected outcome (desiring something unnatural) is going to crush you every time. It’s ok to prefer that the thing you desire won't turn bad, but know it is in the realm of possibilities that it will. Play by nature’s rules, and don’t desire the outcome to be anything outside of the realm of possibilities.

• “The Discipline of Action”, which has to do with philanthropy or love of humankind.

Mastering impulse to act and impulse not to act. This is a gentler form of desire and aversion. We are to appeal to different roles we have. These form a hierarchy.

[1] Universal role as a human being.

At the top of the list is health and taking care of ourselves. The next thing we do is to appeal to our particular talents, and cultivate what we're best at and most interested in. This is going towards your nature. To go against your nature would be to pursue things that you're not really interested in.

[2] Appealing to our specific relationships with other people. Am I a parent, a partner, a friend?

An example that Epictetus uses is a father who is not able to care for his sick daughter. He runs away from his daughter, he leaves the house, he can't handle the fact that his daughter might die.

The idea here is that this is not someone who has mastered desire and aversion. He thinks death is a bad thing, he's afraid of his daughter dying, he hasn't come to terms with what his ultimate value system should be under the Stoic picture. And because of that, it is interfering with his capacity to fulfill his obligation to other people. He's not able to fulfill his obligation as a father because he's still afraid.

[3] Preference

If it doesn't go against reason, if it doesn't go against your interests, if it doesn't go against your relationships with other people, you are free to choose whatever you prefer.

• “The Discipline of Assent”, which has to do with mindfulness of our judgements.

Assent means agreement. The discipline of assent involves making correct judgements about the nature of the external world and events that occur in it.

As a practicing Stoic, we need to know that we assent to value judgements of things that occur around us that were made by us consciously or unconsciously. This can affect how we feel about the event.

We can use a three step process of- Stop it, Strip it and See it.

Step 1: Stop it- Stop the value judgment in its tracks. See that you can stop it before it can affect you.

Step 2: Strip it- Strip the value judgment and see through it. Most things that we perceive are nothing more than mere indifference that we can see through if we take a moment to observe it more clearly. As Marcus Aurelius writes in Meditations, "When you have savories and fine dishes set before you, you will gain an idea of their nature if you tell yourself that this is the corpse of a fish, and that the corpse of a bird or a pig; or again, that fine Falernian wine is merely grape-juice, and this purple robe some sheep’s wool dipped in the blood of a shellfish; and as for sexual intercourse, it is the friction of a piece of gut and, following a sort of convulsion, the expulsion of mucus." (VI.13)

Step 3: See it- See the event from a cosmic viewpoint. Whatever is happening at that moment may seem out of ordinary and inconvenient but try to look at it in the grander scheme of things. Maybe this was always supposed to happen and what has happened may have set a new course for you.

5. Practice mindfulness and seek nature to find clarity

6. Follow the 5 Buddhist precepts as a form of standard behavior: Don't abuse words, don't abuse senses, don't intoxicate, don't take what is not given and don't kill.

7. Acknowledge, appreciate, respect and value: Nature and life, others' humanity and diversity, learning new things, experiences and change.

8. Practice responsibility and kindness, avoid laziness and cruelty

9. Always remember to be responsible and to mindfully organize these 7 things when one is lost: self, health, environment, relationships, work, interests and experiences.

10. One ought to follow a Nonviolent Communication (NVC) style, also called Giraffe language, to reach the most effective, optimal and rational conclusion. Explain the situation/problem, explain how it affects, explain what is needed, and give suggestions how to compromise.

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