Hammadhi
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Hammadhi (native: حمّاذي /ħamːaːðiː/) is an Indo-Aryan language.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Postalveolar | Alveolar/ Palatal | Velar/ Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | م m | ن n | ڃ ñ ɲ | ڬ ŋ | |||||
| Stop | voiceless | پ p | ت t t̪ | ٿ t t | ك k | ء ʔ | |||
| voiced | ب b | د d d̪ | ڐ d d | ڭ ɡ | |||||
| emphatic | ڀ ṗ pˁ | ط ṭ t̪ˁ | ق q | ||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | چ č tʃ | |||||||
| voiced | ج j dʒ | ||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ف f | ث θ | س s | ش š ʃ | خ x χ | ح ḥ ħ | هـ h | |
| voiced | ذ ð | ز z | غ ğ ʁ | ع ʕ | |||||
| emphatic | ص ṣ sˁ | ||||||||
| Trill | ر r | ||||||||
| Approximant | ل l | ي y j | و w | ||||||
Comments:
¹ Dental stops are laminal, while alveolar stops are apical.
Vowels
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | بِ i | بُ u | بِي ī iː | بُو ū uː |
| Mid | ب e | ب o | بي ē eː | بو ō oː |
| Open | بَ a | بَا ā aː | ||
| Diphthongs | بَوْ au aw; بَيْ ai aj | |||
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
| Person | Number | Familiarity | Direct | Oblique | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S | Informal | عوڬ ʕauŋ | مي mē | مج maj |
| Formal | هم ham | همان hamān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | بيڬ bēŋ | نو nō | نون nōn | ||
| 2 | S | Informal | پوڬ pauŋ | تي tē | تج tuj |
| Formal | چم čum | چمان čumān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | چوڬ čūŋ | بو bō | بون bōn | ||
| 3 | S | Informal | إيڬ ʔēŋ | نين nēn | أچ ʔač |
| Formal | إيح ʔēħ | إيحان ʔēħān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | إم ʔim | جو jō | جون jōn | ||
Numerals
| # | Cardinal | Ordinal | Fractional |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | حڃ ħuññ | ||
| 1 | إك ʔekk | پشم pašam | ڀن ṗunn |
| 2 | بي bē | بيجم bījjam | هڐا haddā |
| 3 | ٿي tē | ٿيجم tījjam | ٿبا tibā |
| 4 | صوار ṣawār | صوارم ṣawāram | صوٿ ṣaut |
| 5 | ڀنڐ ṗand | ڀنڐم ṗandam | ڀنڐم ṗandam |
| 6 | ٿٿ tatt | ٿٿم tattam | ٿٿم tattam |
| 7 | حت ħatt | حتم ħattam | حتم ħattam |
| 8 | هٿ hatt | هٿم hattam | هٿم hattam |
| 9 | نو naww | نوم nawwam | نوم nawwam |
| 10 | دح daħ | دحم daħam | دحم daħam |
| 11 | ياذح yāðaħ | ||
| 12 | بيذح bēðaħ | ||
| 13 | ٿيذح tēðaħ | ||
| 14 | صوڐح ṣaudaħ | ||
| 15 | ڀنڐح ṗandaħ | ||
| 16 | حولح ħōlaħ | ||
| 17 | حذح ħaððaħ | ||
| 18 | هٿاذح hattāðaħ | ||
| 19 | نوذح nōðaħ | ||
| 20 | بيح bīħ | ||
| 21 | بيحا إك bīħā ʔekk | ||
| 30 | ٿيح tīħ | ||
| 40 | صواريح ṣawārīħ | ||
| 50 | ڀنڐيح ṗandīħ | ||
| 6 | ٿٿيح tattīħ | ٿٿيحم tattīħam | ٿٿيحم tattīħam |
| 7 | حتيح ħattīħ | حتيحم ħattīħam | حتيحم ħattīħam |
| 8 | هٿيح hattīħ | هٿيحم hattīħam | هٿيحم hattīħam |
| 9 | نويح nawwīħ | نويحم nawwīħam | نويحم nawwīħam |
| 100 | حو ħaw | ||
| 101 | حو إك ħaw ʔekk | ||
| 200 | بي حو bē ħaw | ||
| 1000 | لك lakk |