User:Nicolasstraccia/afghanisketch

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This is Sketch C, based on the premises stated in the description of commission N°271 in the LCS's Jobs Board. This should probably furthermore be seen primarily as a sketching exercise, since I'm not very likely to be able to meet the stated deadline.

Premise as stated in the job description:
"Vaguely Afghan — mountain primitives and coastal dwellers (depending) — we only meet the mountain primitives — with a territory-raiding and cross-breeding relationship to (A)."

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Phonology and orthography

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i(ː) u(ː) e(ː) o(ː) ə æ äː ɒ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Consonants

	Labial				Coronal								Dorsal						Labiovelar		Laryngeal
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Dental		Alveolar		Palatoalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular				Glottal
Plosive	p	b			t	d					[ʈ]	[ɖ]			k	g	[q]	[ɢ]			ʔ
Nasal		m						n				[ɳ]		ɲ		ŋ				ŋʷ
Trill								r
Tap/flap								ɾ
Fricative	ɸ	β	[f]	[v]	θ	[ð]	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	[ʂ]	[ʐ]	[ç]	[ʝ]	x	ɣ			xʷ		h
Africate							ʦ	ʣ	ʧ	ʤ
Approximant								ɹ						j						w
Lateral Appr.								l

Phonotaxis

Syllable structure

Syllables may be structured as (C)(S)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:

• Onset
  • Consonant (C): can be any consonant. (composed only of one consonant; consonant clusters are only found in loanwords, sometimes an epenthetic /ə/ is inserted between consonants.)
• Nucleus
  • Semivowel (S)
  • Vowel (V)
  • Semivowel (S)
• Coda
  • First consonant (C): can be any consonant.
  • Second consonant (C): can also be any consonant (mostly /d/, /k/, /s/, /t/, & /z/).

Allophony

Phoneme	Allophone	Rule	Description
/t/ /d/ /n/ /s/ /z/	/ʈ/ /ɖ/ /ɳ/ /ʂ/ /ʐ/		word final
/k/ /g/	/q/ /ɢ/		word final
/ɸ/ /β/	/f/ /v/
/θ/	/ð/
/r/	/ɾ/
/r/	/ɹ/	r→ɹ /V_N	after vowels and before nasals
/r/	/ʐ/		word final
/tu/ /nu/ /ku/ /gu/ /xu/ /ŋu/	/tʷ/ /nʷ/ /kʷ/ /gʷ/ /xʷ/ /ŋʷ/	u.V→ʷV. /C_.V C=[+velar]{ɣ}, [t, n]

Orthography

Latin transcription

• Vowels

IPA

i

iː

e

eː

o

oː

u

uː

ɒ

äː

æ

ə

Romanization

i

ī

e

ē

o

ō

u

ū

a

ā

ä

ë

Alternative romanization

i

î

e

ê

o

ô

u

û

a

â

á

é

• Consonants

IPA p b t d k g ʔ m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ r ɹ l j w Romanization p b t d k g ' m n ń ṇ ṇw ŕ r l y w Alternative romanization p b t d k g ' m n ny ng ngw r rh l y w

ɸ β θ s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ xʷ h ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ f v ϑ s z ṣ ẓ x ǵ xw h ts dz ĉ ĵ f v th s z sh zh x gh xw h ts dz ch dj

Morphology and syntax